Background:Uncontrolled increase of C-section is one of the major problems in Iranian health system, such that C-section is the most common surgical procedure in the entire country’s hospitals in Obstetrics and Gynecology sections. A variety of complications also come along with cesarean. Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, causes, and complications of cesarean in Iran.Materials and Methods:forty-one articles were considered with respect to certain criteria and were included in a systematic review to perform a meta-analysis study. The systematic review’s search was conducted on SID, Iranmedx, Magiran, Medlib, PubMed, and Science Direct databases published between1999-2016. The weight of each included study was calculated according to its sample size and the reported prevalence of binomial distribution. A random-effects model using R and STATA (Version 11.2) software was utilized for analyzing data Results:The total number of the sample was 197514 pregnant women with a mean age of 26.72 yr. The prevalence of cesarean in Iran was estimated at 48%. The main reasons for the prevalence of cesarean in this study were mothers’ higher education, previous cesarean, and doctor recommendation. The most frequent complication in women undergoing cesarean was the muscular pain, and the most common fetal complications in newborns by caesarean delivery was transient tachypnea.Conclusion:The prevalence of C-section in Iran is much higher than what WHO recommends. It is essential, to decrease such a phenomenon, making the mothers aware of the risks of cesarean delivery, and establishing counselling sessions as well to eliminate the mothers’ fear of vaginal delivery.

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and its homologue, ACE2, have been mostly associated with hypertensive disorder. However, recent pandemia of SARS-CoV-2 has put these proteins at the center of attention, as this virus has been shown to exploit ACE2 protein to enter cells. Clear difference in the response of affected patients to this virus has urged researchers to find the molecular basis and pathophysiology of the cell response to this virus. Different levels of expression and function of ACE proteins, underlying disorders, consumption of certain medications and the existence of certain genomic variants within ACE genes are possible explanations for the observed difference in the response of individuals to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the current review, we discuss the putative mechanisms for this observation.

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Taurine‐upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) is a 7.1 kb long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) first recognized in 2005 as an important element for retinal development in rodents. Subsequently, this lncRNA has been shown to participate in oncogenic processes through alteration in chromatin structure, sponging microRNAs, and affecting the expression of some cancer‐related pathways. While most of the studies have revealed an oncogenic role for this lncRNA, some reports have shown downregulation of TUG1 in lung cancer samples compared with noncancerous samples. In triple negative breast cancer samples, the expression of this lncRNA has been decreased. Besides, its expression has been higher in HER2‐enriched and basal‐like subtypes compared with luminal A. In the current review, we discuss the latest literature about the expression pattern and functional roles of TUG1 in diverse cancer types. In addition, its role in epithelial−mesenchymal transition and activation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in human malignancies will be explored.