Introduction: An estimated over seventy thousands Rohingya refugees living in Bangladesh since August 2017. World Health Organization (WHO) warned that there could be an outbreak of infectious diseases like tuberculosis (TB) among the Rohingya that would also be a threat to the local people. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of TB among Rohingya refugees in Kutupalong camp, Ukhiya. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the field medical laboratory of Bangladesh Army in the refugee camp Kutupalong, Ukhiya from September to December, 2017. Total 3579 patients reported during this time thosehad cough for more than 2 weeks were selected as study subjects. The Ziehl Neelsen stained smears were prepared from the sputum samples and examined only under microscope for acid fact bacilli (AFB). All AFB positive cases were tested by molecular technique, Genexpert for drug resistance and screened by immunochromatographic test(ICT) for HIV. Results: Out of 3579 reported cases 55(1.54%) were AFB positive. Among 55 positive cases 27(49.09%) were female and 28(50.90%) were male.There was no HIV casefound among 55 AFB positive patients but 01 case was found positive as multi drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). Conclusion: This study showed prevalence of TB is quite high in Rohingya population due to malnutrition, unhealthy living condition and general lack of awareness. Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) had already started to eradicate TB which will definitely prevent contagiousness to local people in Bangladesh. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 197-199

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases in the world. The acids generated through the fermentation of sugar by the microorganisms in dental plaque can decalcify the superficial layers of tooth enamel and can initiate dental caries. Streptococcus mutans have been proposed as the main etiological agents of dental caries .The aim of this study is to identify the main etiological agents of dental caries and plaque which are supposed to be Streptococcus mutans as correlating microorganism. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Pathology department of Border Guard Hospital, Peelkhana, Dhaka during the period of 1st October, 2018 to 3IST December,2018. Study population was newly enrolled soldiers and their families as male ,female and children in BGB. A total of 50 clinical samples were included in this study. The samples were collected from the Dental outdoor patient department and all laboratory tests were performed at Pathology department of aforementioned hospital. After performing all possible microbiological tests for bacterial isolation, results were recorded. Results: Among 50 samples, 46(92%) samples are considered to be positive for Streptococcus viridans and 27(54%) isolates are identified as Streptococci mutans according to ability of producing special kind of exopolysaccharide, lactic acid formation and high salt tolerance tests. Associated organisms (32%) like candida were present in 15(30%) samples and other bacterial colonies were present in 31(62%) samples, along with Streptococcus viridans. Conclusion: The finding of this study will help the dentists to treat the patients with chronic caries, dental plaques as they pose the gravest threat when they settle down on damaged heart valves, cause subacute bacterial endocarditis and other infections in various sites including mouth, joints, skin, muscle, and central nervous system after tooth extraction or any other invasive procedure J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(3): 121-125

Introduction: The aim of this study was to observe the diagnostic role of procalcitonin to evaluate sepsis and assess the level of inflammation for the patients of Critical Care Unit of different departments. Methods: This cross sectional, prospective and observational study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology on the patients at Critical Care Unit of Paediatric, Surgery, Gynae and Medicine department in a tertiary care hospital (Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka) from June, 2020 to May, 2021. Total 106 patients were enrolled in this study. As the study was conducted during corona pandemic, RT-PCR test for Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) along with serum procalcitonin and bacterial culture and sensitivity tests for different samples were prescribed for all 106 patients. Result: Out of 106 patients, 30.2% (32) patients were found positive and 69.69% (74) were found negative for COVID- 19 and 14.15% (15) patients had clinical documentation of bacterial co-infection, confirmed by blood, respiratory, or urine culture. After PCT test, 20.75 % (22) samples were found with severe sepsis or septic shock, 7.54% (08) samples were found with systemic infection, 18.06% (20) samples were with possible systemic infection, 31.13 % (33) samples were with local infections and 21.69% (23) were found within normal ranges of PCT. Conclusion: This study supports the importance of the diagnostic role of PCT to assess the level of sepsis as well as presence of co-infection which suggests that PCT level is a good biomarker for early diagnosis, assessment and treatment of patients in CCU. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2023; 41: 198-204