Background: Coronavirus Disease emerge as a new global health crisis. COVID-19 has a wide range of clinical feature, from mild cough to severe respiratory failure. This study aims to learn more about clinical feature of This cross sectional analytic descriptive study includes all COVID-19 patients that yield positive result through GeneXpert-SARS-CoV-2 or Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). All data was taken from inpatient form March 12 th -June 30 th 2020. Results: There were 103 patients with 58 men and 45 women. Patients with male sex tend to experience severe pneumonia than women. It was also found that patients exposed to cigarette smoke tended to experience severe pneumonia symptoms. Patients with more than 1 comorbid tend to develop severe pneumonia symptoms. The dominant clinical symptoms in the patient were cough (84.5%), fever / history of fever (70.9%), and shortness of breath (67.9%). Hematological parameters that correlate with the degree of severity are leucocytes, thrombocyts, lymphocytes, neutrophils, CRP, LDH, creatinine, procalcitonin, SGOT, and SOFA Score. The most common radiological picture obtained was bilateral infiltrate (78.2%). The most common complication was sepsis (38.9%). The mortality rate for COVID-19 patients treated at RSSA tends to be high (26.2%). Discussion: clinical characteristics such as gender, smoking history, comorbides, clinical symptoms (fever, shortness of breath and cough), laboratory (leukocytes, % lymphocytes, % neutrophils and neutrophil counts, CRP, LDH, procalcitonin, creatinine, SGOT, and SOFA scores) has a significant effect on the severity of Covid infection 19 Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients affects the severity of the disease.

Pendahuluan: Pneumonia adalah infeksi pada jaringan paru(alveoli) yang disebabkan oleh bakteria,virus atau jamur Metode: Studi retrospektif di Rumah Sakit Saiful Anwar Malang pada bulan Januari – Mei 2019. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel sputum, spesimen  bronkoskopi dan cairan pleura dari pasien pneumonia pada Instalasi Rawat Inap, Rawat Jalan, dan Ruang Perawatan Intensif. Pengolahan data menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2016. Hasil: Pneumonia lebih sering terjadi pada laki-laki (58%) dibandingkan perempuan (42%) dengan rata-rata usia 56- 75 tahun. Profil kuman didapatkan patogen terbanyak pada sputum dari Instalasi Rawat Inap adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae ss. pneumoniae sensitif Piperacillin/Tazobactam (sensitivitas 100%); dari Rawat Jalan adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae ss. pneumoniae sensitif Amikacin (sensitivitas 100%); dari Ruang Perawatan Intensif adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae ss. pneumoniae sensitif Ceftazidim (sensitivitas 100%). Kesimpulan: Patogen terbanyak pada sampel dari Instalasi Rawat Jalan adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae ss. pneumoniae sensitif Ertapenem (sensitivitas 100%) sedangkan dari Ruang Perawatan Intensif adalah Pseudomonas aeruginosa spesimen bronkoskopi. Patogen terbanyak pada cairan pleura dari Instalasi Rawat Inap adalah Pseudomonas aeruginosa sedangkan dari Ruang Perawatan Intensif adalah Escherichia coli. Tidak dapat dilakukan uji sensitivitas antibiotik pada isolat sampel spesimen bronkoskopi dari Instalasi Rawat Jalan, sampel cairan pleura dari Instalasi Rawat Inap serta Perawatan Intensif karena jumlah isolat yang kurang dari 30.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and South-East Asia was the leading contributor of TB cases globally. Treatment regimen of TB for an individual patient depends on multiple factors, and one of them was patient’s comorbidities. Comorbidities such as renal failure or concurrent use of immunosuppressant drugs post renal transplantation will influence pharmacological aspect of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Case: A 38-year-old male with a history of chronic renal failure who had undergone routine hemodialysis was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and was scheduled for a renal transplantation procedure. During the administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs in this patient, the physician mustconsider the kidney function, and possible drug interactions between anti-tuberculosis drugs especially rifampicin with immunosuppressant drugs used after renal transplantation. The initialregimen used in this patient was RHE which was followed by RH, but after using immunosuppressant drugs, rifampicin was replaced with moxifloxacin to avoid suboptimal effect of immunosuppressant drugs to prevent donor rejection, which is the biggest contributor ofmortality in transplant recipients in the first year post-transplantation.