The SDGs 02 criterion states their goals, namely ending hunger, achieving food security and better nutrition, as well as supporting sustainable agriculture. Stunting prevalence among Indonesian toddlers in 2005-2017 is 36.4%. As an agrarian country, ironically Indonesia is still experiencing malnutrition problems. Though the Government has several regulations related to nutrition and food, it is not yet optimally implemented. Legislation's role in improving nutritional status and food quality in Indonesia become the core problem in this paper. In addition, this paper also discusses how regulations are optimized in order to achieve SDGs standards related to health. As a normative juridical study, this research uses several approaches. As a result, nutritional status improvement begins with adequate secure and nutritious food. Collaboration between the government, the community and health facilities are necessary to obtain Indonesian quality according to SDG standards.

COVID-19-associated liver injury is defined as any liver damage that occured during during the course of infection and treatment of COVID-19 patients, with or without preexisting liver disease. This includes a broad spectrum of potential pathomechanisms, including direct cytotoxicity from active viral replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the liver and immune-mediated liver damage due to the severe inflammatory response/ systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in COVID-19. Data was taken from 206 patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to our hospital and were examined physically. Laboratory and ultrasound results showed abnormal rates associated with liver disease. The four-year study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2021. 116 pts were collected in the period 2018 to 2019 (2 years precov) and 90 pts 2 years (2020-2021) in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Women’s precov was 60 pts and dcov was 30 pts, while men showed 56 pts and 60 pts precov during COVID-19 infection. Liver cirrhosis was 28 pts precov and 41 pts dcov, followed by NSRH 25 pts precov and 12 pts dcov, NASH 24 pts precov and 6 pts dcov, Hep. B 20 precov and 10 dcov, acute viral hepatitis 12 precov and 16 dcov points. In total liver cirrhosis placed the first rank 69 pts (33, 5%). Followed by NSRH 17, 96 %; NASH 14, 56%, B. Hep. 14, 56 % and Ac.viral Hep. 13, 59%. Keywords: pre-during pandemic covid-19, liver disease, liver cirrhosis

Cases of COVID-19 at hospitals increased over the course of the pandemic, including at the Muhammadiyah University General Hospital of Malang. The hospital was established in 2013, and despite being relatively new, it has played an active role in handling the pandemic by being a COVID-19 referral hospital for the Greater Malang area. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of COVID-19 inpatients at this hospital during the pandemic. The data were taken from medical records and were analyzed descriptively. From March 2020 to July 2021, there were 1762 COVID-19 inpatients at this hospital. Cases spiked in December 2020 and July 2021. Many patients resided in Malang City (39%) and most were male (51%). Patients aged 51-60 years old had the highest percentage of visits (27%). 9.1% of cases died, and the highest rates of death were in patients aged 50-60 years old and those with comorbidities. Keywords: characteristic inpatient, referral hospital COVID-19, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

COVID-19 has had many negative impacts on society. One of them is the impact on the economy in the healthcare sector, namely hospitals. Transmission through direct contact with a sprinkling of phlegm from infected people (through coughing and sneezing) and touching a surface contaminated with the virus made the Indonesian government enforce the Stay at Home policy. This led to reducing the number of BPJS patient visits at the hospital at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The reduced number of BPJS patient visits had the effect of decreasing hospital income. This is in line with the decrease in outpatient and inpatient income at the Muhammadiyah University General Hospital of Malang from 2019 to 2020 by 14% and 13%, respectively. This study uses Chaos Theory, where hospital revenues from patient visits are reduced unpredictably due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the data analysis showed that the number of patient visits at UMM Hospital increased in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Keywords: COVID-19, hospital, risk management, financial, BPJS

The global death rate from COVID-19 is 2.1%, while it is 3.2% in Indonesia. There were 81 deaths (32%) out of the 244 total COVID-19 cases at Muhammadiyah University General Hospital of Malang in July 2021. This study examined the immediate causes and conditions leading to these deaths in COVID-19 patients. We aimed to describe several causes of death defined in the death certificate compared with the autopsy findings based on previous literature. This was a retrospective and analytical observational study. There was a death rate of 40.7% in the emergency department, 22.0% in the intensive care unit and 37.0% outside of the intensive care unit. Respiratory failure was the main immediate cause of death with 77 cases (95.06%). Covid-19 pneumonia was the main condition leading to death with 61 cases (75.31%). These data are expected to encourage clinicians to better understand and perceive the circumstances under which a patient may progress from severe infection towards death and manage such cases more efficiently. Keywords: causes of death, COVID-19, immediate condition leading to causes of death, emergency room, non-ICU, ICU