Stigma in tuberculosis patients causes discrimination and social isolation that have an impact on efforts to manage tuberculosis treatment. The purpose of this review is to explore based community intervention strategies to reduce tuberculosis (TB) stigma. Method: The design applied systematic review. Data was retrieved from online database Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, PubMed, Research Gate, Springer Link, Scopus, Google Scholar, and national journal in the period of 2008-2018. The study selection was conducted in the search string by applying the keywords “TB” AND “Stigma”, “Reduce stigma”, “Intervention TB Stigma”, “tackling stigma TB”, “strategy for TB stigma”, exploration and selection of title, abstract were conducted inclusion criteria, and search the articles by screening reference lists in citations in the literature to be additional articles. Analysis result of study uses PRISMA flow diagram. Results: The intervention strategies to reduce TB stigma reviewed from articles and found 4 intervention strategies are: (1) Health education, such as knowledge shipping about TB and TB Campaigns, (2) Home Visit, (3) TB Patients support such as Community, family support, social support TB Club, and financial support, (4) Enhancing Qualities of health worker. Conclusions: The intervention strategies to reduce TB stigma are needed in reducing TB stigma. Low TB stigma has positive effect in controlling and eliminating TB. The most common intervention are TB patient support and health education.ABSTRAKStigma pada pasien tuberkulosis (TB) menyebabkan diskriminasi dan isolasi sosial yang berdampak pada upaya manajemen pengobatan TB. Tujuan dari literatur review ini untuk mengeksplorasi strategi intervensi di komunitas untuk mengurangi stigma tuberkulosis (TB). Desain menerapkan tinjauan sistematis. Data diambil dari database online Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, PubMed, Research Gate, Springer Link, Scopus, Google Cendekia, dan jurnal nasional pada periode 2008-2018. Pencarian artikel dalam sistematik review ini menerapkan kata kunci "Tuberkulosis" DAN "Stigma", "Mengurangi stigma", "Intervensi TB Stigma", "menangani stigma TB", "strategi untuk stigma TB". Eksplorasi dan pemilihan judul dan abstrak berdasarkan kriteria inklusi, dan mencari artikel dengan menyaring daftar referensi dalam kutipan dalam literatur untuk menjadi artikel tambahan. Hasil analisis penelitian menggunakan diagram alir PRISMA. Strategi intervensi untuk mengurangi stigma ditemukan empat strategi intervensi yaitu: (1) Pendidikan kesehatan, seperti meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang TB dan Kampanye TB, (2) Kunjungan Rumah, (3) Dukungan pasien TB seperti Komunitas, dukungan keluarga, dukungan sosial TB Club, dan dukungan keuangan, (4) Meningkatkan Kualitas pekerja kesehatan. Kesimpulan: Strategi intervensi untuk mengurangi stigma TB diperlukan dalam mengurangi stigma TB. Stigma TB yang rendah memiliki efek positif dalam mengendalikan dan eliminasi TB. Intervensi yang paling umum adalah dukungan pasien TB dan pendidikan kesehatan.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with severe stigma. It is estimated that half of TBC patients have experienced internalization of stigma due to negative stereotypes from their community. The purpose of this review article review was to determine and to assess the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing tuberculosis self-stigma. PRISMA flow diagram was used to show papers reviewed. Database used consisted of ProQuest, Science Direct, PubMed, Research Gate, Springer Link, and Google Scholar using keywords: CBT, AND Self Stigma, Cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce self stigma, CBT OR Self Stigma, Self-stigma AND CBT Intervention. articles published in English m 2003 to 2018 discussing HIV-related stigma and discrimination on patients with TB. Out of 15245 articles retrieved, 6% (4 articles) were reviewed. This review article using Downs and Black scale apprised the quality of the selected articles. Analysis method used thematic analysis and found stigma intervention as a theme. The results found four studies about the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral study and one study comparing cognitive behavioral therapy with psychoeducational (PE) found to be more helpful than CBT intervention. In another article showed more than a half of the sample (50%) from studies indicated that cognitive behavioral therapy can reduce self-stigma. Using cognitive behavioral therapy is effective for helping TBC patients to change negative beliefs and reframe their beliefs about their illness and the effect can help to reduce self-stigma.

Tuberculosis (TB) was declared a global emergency for humanity by the World Health Organization in 2015. According to Global Report TB data in 2016, Indonesia is one of the 30 countries in the world that has the highest TB caseload, especially Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-TB and (Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR) TB) cases during the 2016-2020 period (Global Tuberculosis Report, 2016). The high rise of MDR TB cases has great potential for transmission and an increase in the number of new TB cases. Efforts to optimize the handling of care and treatment, as well as to accelerate the determination of the diagnosis need to be conducted vigilantly on all lines, especially efforts to increase the ability to prevent transmission, provide quality follow-up care, and community-based treatment. Forming support groups is one of community health nursing strategies for TB prevention. A support group provides assistance to increase TB medication adherence and reduce TB transmission. TB control strategies are conducted by implementing CERMAT (Smart Against TB Transmission) to TB support groups that combine education intervention and skills to prevent TB transmission in the community setting. Community health nursing though the nursing process has established a system with recognition of the variables that affect health status and individual behaviors against TB disease. The nursing strategy intervention in the community is done at all levels, such as health education, group process, partnership, and community empowerment. The CERMAT package implemented in the TB support group is an evidence-based nursing practice. It was applied to 70 samples of adult TB clients at Curug, Cimanggis, Depok. The sampling was selected with a non-probability quota sampling technique. This study used an experimental design with paired t-test data analysis to determine the improvement in the skills of the TB support group after the support group intervention was done. It showed there was influence of the CERMAT method on the level of good support for completing TB treatment in Curug Village, with increased the mean of completed treatment by 2.42 with a p value 0.00 (p <0.05). The CERMAT method can be applied as one of the nursing interventions to increase TB clients’ adherence. This intervention can be done by the person who is responsible for the TB program at the Community Health Center. The CERMAT method needs to be continued and evaluated regularly by involving health care volunteers.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is one of diseases which the highest mortality rate in Indonesia, to solve that problem, patients with cardiovascular diseases should be monitored and controlled.Method: The design of this manuscript uses literature review. Data was retrieved from database research journal used in Science Direct, Proquest, SpringerLink and Wiley and internet searches Online in the period of 2012-2017. Analysis result from paper research was there were 13 journals.Results: Electrocardiogram in the community use wireless sensor, mobile and community platform used receiving, analysing, and transmitting data. The system will make easier to monitor the patient's condition for 24 hours and send data from remote and unlimited locations.Conclutions: This monitoring system can help to detect altered electrical cardiac signal, that will automatically send alarms to server accompanied by google maps to show patient’s location. This system makes nurses easy to change diet plans, cure, and the changes. This system is very flexible, easy to use, cheap, and confidentially ensure patient. This system using online system leads to decrease individual social contacts and allow for delay in data transmission process. This study show that the implementation system can develope to reduce mortality due to heart disease.