These results replicate earlier work in a smaller cohort treated with conventional disease-modifying therapy, and support the reliability of the SDMT and MSNQ as potential screening for monitoring tools for cognition over time.

This study shows that cortical and central atrophy are associated with SLE patients with diffuse CNS syndromes. Microscopic tissue injury in the NAWM on AD DTI measures in SLE patients indicates a predominant reduction of axonal density.

This Spanish version of the MSNQ is reliable and useful as a screening test for identifying patients at high risk for cognitive impairment in MS.