Background COVID-19 outbreak was sudden and unexpected in most countries. It has spread globally between January and March 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) first declared the outbreak as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. While this lockdown has proven to be an important and successful method of social distancing to counter the growing spread of the highly contagious COVID-19 virus, it has also created a degree of psychological impact on the public. Children may be strongly exposed to pandemic-generated biopsychosocial stressors, and once the containment measures of the population are needed to minimize the spread of viruses, they may be negatively impacted by the disturbance of everyday life as a result of social isolation. During school closures, children's routines may change, and healthy behaviors, such as physical activity, adequate diet, or good sleeping habits, may be less likely to happen. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia from 20 March 2021 to 30 March 2021, targeted at children's parents and adolescents. Our concentration was on the impact of COVID-19 on the psychiatric wellbeing of children and adolescents. The data was collected through an online self-administered questionnaire which contains 56 close-ended questions for parents of children and 46 close-ended questions for adolescents. Statistical analysis was performed using R v 3.6.3 (R Foundation, Vienna, Austria). Counts and percentages were used to summarize the distribution of categorical variables. Results The questionnaire was completed by 1141 respondents, 454 were < 18 years old. Thus, these respondents completed the questionnaire on behalf of themselves. The remaining 688 respondents were adults and completed the questionnaire on behalf of their children. Results showed that higher children's age was associated with less increase in worrying, restlessness, and a higher increase in sadness. Higher age was associated with a higher increase in the frequency of waking up, sleeping little, and uneasiness, and nervousness. Having relatives who were infected with COVID-19 was associated with higher increases in most of the negative behaviors such as anxiety, sadness, sleeping little, indecisiveness, and irritability. Punishment threats, screaming, and hitting were associated with a higher increase in negative behaviors during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. Results showed that neither the gender of the parent nor the child was associated with any of the domains of the child's behavior. Children whose parents were divorced had higher scores on anxiety, restlessness, and sleep disorders than children whose parents were not divorced Conclusion COVID-19 has caused increased stress on families, especially children and adolescents who are vulnerable populations. Our results show that the COVID-19 pandemic can affect the mental health of children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia. We showed that parental stress is a predicto...

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Background: Until now, no locally based study has evaluated quality of life among pediatric residents, especially pediatric residents in Saudi Arabia, Riyadh. The objective of this study was to evaluate quality of life (QoL) of the pediatric residents and report the factors affecting their quality of life.Methods: A cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire depending study that was distributed electronically to pediatrics resident to assess the quality of life in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study depended on self-reported questionnaire in which the questions were gathered specifically, from work-related quality of life (WRQoL) scale. To collect data, the self- administered questionnaire was sent through social media (twitter, WhatsApp).Results: In this study, we were able to collect data from 260 residents where 54.2% of them were females. In general, we found that 51.9% of the participants showed good level of QoL while 47.7% showed moderate level of quality of life and only 0.4% showed low levels of QoL. The percentage of residents who showed good quality of life among the six categories; CAW, JCS, HWI, SAW, GWB and WCS were 53.8%, 49.2%, 45.0%, 48.6%, 38.1% and 56.9% respectively. We did not find any significant factors that had impact on quality of working life among the residents.Conclusions: We found that 48.2% of the pediatric residents working in Al Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia showed moderate to low level of work-related QoL. Further studies are needed to determine the causes and improve the work-related quality of life among pediatric residents.

Background: Organ donation is a life-saving process of removing an organ or tissue surgically from one person (the organ donor) and placing it into another person (the recipient). As well as The demand for organ donation is increasing over time Thus, understanding the attitudes and beliefs associated with parental decision making improve the rate of transplantation. Aims: To Evaluate the perception of Saudi parents towards pediatric organ donation, and to assess the role of cultural and religious beliefs in the parental decision-making regarding organ donation, and to discover the misconceptions leading to the refusal of organ donation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh region from 1 July 2020 to 31 August 2020 among all Saudi parents aged 18-60 years in Riyadh at the kingdom of Saudi Arabia via an online questionnaire, the responses were Statistically analysis using R v 3.6.3. The mean ±standard deviation was used to summarize the distribution of continuous variables. Chi-square test of independence was used to assess the association between categorical variables. Linear regression was used to assess factors associated with knowledge regarding organ donation. Results: Among 588, the majority of responses, female 91.5%, showed that better education was associated with knowing about organ donation in children, with 60.7% of respondents who completed university education reporting so compared to 49.6% of those who completed high school education or more minor. Socio-economic status showed a statistically significant association with knowledge score (B = 0.36, P < 0.05). Moreover, higher education level showed a statistically significant association with accepting organ donation from one’s child (OR = 1.77, P = 0.05), in contrast to age, gender, and the number of children were not associated with organ donation acceptance. Respondents who did not think organ donation was permissible in Islam were less likely to accept organ donation than respondents who believed it was permissible (OR = 0.05, P < 0.001). More than half of the respondents heard about organ donation for children after death. At the same time, less than half of the respondents knew the correct definition for brain death. Only 34.7% of respondents knew that organ donation is allowed starting from birth. Most respondents knew about the possible organs to donate except for the lung. In addition, 45% of the respondents are either agreed or strongly agreed to discuss organ donation with their partner if they faced child loss. Conclusion: This study found a lack of knowledge regarding organ donation among parents and impressively shows that the parents are willing to discuss organ donation if they face child loss. There was an urgent need to introduce campaigns focussing on awareness of child organ donation, including the protocol used in Saudi Arabia, especially among low socioeconomic status and who do not know Islam permission.