Convolutional neural networks with time and frequency domain can detect Earthquake Primary Wave (P-Wave) signals well.• The Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) can increase the imbalanced earthquake dataset training performances. • P-Wave detection with several time windows and classifiers can increase overall performance, surpassing traditional method. • The proposed system can achieve a 0.17second execution time with 0.4 seconds periodic time.