Nurses caring for adolescents with type 1 diabetes need to consider family relationships and communication patterns in achieving health outcomes. Studies of communication, including perspectives of mothers and fathers, and the influence of family structure, economics and culture are needed to build a framework of parent-adolescent interaction and health outcomes for adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Background: Student peer evaluation is widely used as a form of formative or summative evaluation in a variety of classroom settings; however, the utilization of peer evaluation is not well reported in the nursing literature as part of the clinical evaluation process. Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine relationships between student peer and faculty evaluations of clinical performance in a baccalaureate nursing program. Participants consisted of clinical faculty (n = 2) and their nursing students (n = 23) enrolled in their first clinical course in a pre-licensure baccalaureate nursing program. The specific research questions were: 1) Is there a relationship between nursing student peer and faculty evaluation of clinical performance? 2) And if there is a relationship between the two groups, is there a difference between nursing student peer and faculty evaluations? Methods: A peer evaluation tool was developed with a 5-point Likert scale consisting of 21 items that comprised five domains of clinical performance (communication, professionalism, teamwork, nursing process, and patient safety). Content validity of the tool was established using a panel of nurses with expertise in clinical performance and psychometric measurement. At midterm, students were asked to evaluate each other's performance using the tool and the faculty also evaluated each student using the same tool. A subscore for each of the domains was created for both student peer and faculty evaluations. The relationships between student peer and faculty evaluation scores were assessed using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients. Comparisons between student peer and faculty evaluations were made using paired t-tests. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Findings: Significant positive correlations were found between peer and faculty evaluations for all domains. Statistically significant differences between the two groups were found in all of the domains, with students evaluating their peers highest in the domains of patient safety and communication; faculty scored students highest in the domains of patient safety and teamwork. The findings suggest that student peer evaluation can be valuable for students and faculty in clinical education. Conclusion: Previous studies provided that peer evaluation is a valid and reliable evaluation procedure in dentistry, medicine, pharmacy, and social behavioral sciences. This pilot study has demonstrated that student peer evaluation as part of a formative assessment can be also used for faculty to evaluate students' clinical performance in a baccalaureate nursing program. www.sciedu.ca/jnep

Objective To determine the association between race, region and pre-diabetes. Method The study used 2003–2007 United States baseline data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study for this cross-sectional analysis. Participants in this study were 45 years or older at recruitment. Logistic regression was used to assess whether race and region are associated with pre-diabetes independent of demographics, socioeconomic factors and risk factors. Results Twenty-four percent of the study participants (n = 19,889) had pre-diabetes. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for having pre-diabetes was 1.28 (1.19–1.36) for blacks relative to whites and 1.18 (1.10–1.26) for people living in the Stroke Belt region relative to the other parts of the United States. The odds of having pre-diabetes for Stroke Belt participants changed minimally after additional adjustment for race (OR = 1.20; 1.13–1.28), age and sex (OR = 1.24; 1.16–1.32), socioeconomic status (OR = 1.22; 1.15–1.31) and risk factors (OR = 1.26; 1.17–1.35). In the adjusted model, being black was independently associated with pre-diabetes (OR = 1.19; 1.10–1.28). Conclusion The prevalence of pre-diabetes was higher for both blacks and whites living in the Stroke Belt relative to living outside the Stroke Belt, and the prevalence of pre-diabetes was higher for blacks independent of region.

Health care systems continue to experience the sequential aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, with major care access, quality, safety, financial sustainability, and workforce considerations. Yet, academic-clinical partnership opportunities exist for transformational change, even when efforts to respond to a pandemic seem insurmountable. A nursing partnership between an academic health center nursing school and university health system provided short-and long-term support for the nursing workforce shortage during a COVID-19 surge. An academic-clinical integration framework guided planning, clinical support activities, outcomes achieved, technology innovations, and shared lessons associated with these efforts. The COVID-19 surge response steps included a call to action, preparation for surge support by the academic and clinical partners, and a team approach for clinical service delivery by faculty, students, and staff. Through the 6-week COVID-19 surge response, more than 10 000 hours of hospital nurse staffing were provided by nursing school faculty and students; over 770 worked shifts that provided approximately 30% of the full surge hospital supplemental staffing and approximately 46 000 vaccine encounters. Wellestablished academic-clinical nursing partnerships allow for quick pivots in the rapidly changing COVID-19 environment that can enhance nursing clinical proficiency and competency, augment clinically immersive learning, and reinforce analytics to measure health outcomes, lower costs, improve access, quality, safety, and workforce conditions.

As our population ages, more elderly patients will undergo coronary artery bypass grafting. The psychological well-being of a patient is influenced by many factors, including family support. This descriptive, correlational pilot study was conducted to examine the relationship between family characteristics and psychological well-being in elderly coronary artery bypass grafting patients. The results of this study, which consists of 42 participants, are presented, as well as implications for critical care nursing.