The use of composites in manufacturing equipment and products is taking a very important space in the industry in general. Moreover these materials have unique characteristics when analyzed separately from constituents who are part of them. However it is know that cares must be taken in their manufacture, as the use of appropriate process and the composition of each element, in addition to adherence fiber / matrix, which is a major factor in obtaining of the final mechanical strength of the product. One should also take into account whether the composites are environmentally friendly. For this reason, in this work, a composite partially ecological was made, using as reinforcement, a sisal woven and, as matrix, the polyester resin. Seeking to improve the adherence fiber / matrix, a treatment in sisal woven was performed with aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at a concentration of 3%. The composite subjected to this treatment presented, in bending test, a better mechanical performance, with an increase of 27% in the flexion strength and of 54% in maximum strain, but there was a reduction of about 15% in its flexural modulus.
The purpose of this work was to study the effects of low-pressure oxygen plasma treatment on the surface characteristics of kevlar fabric. For comparison purposes, samples treated with oxygenated plasma were prepared and characterised under different experimental conditions, i.e. a treatment time variation of 10, 30 and 60 minutes under a constant pressure of 4 mBar, using a pulsed current source. We analysed the effects of chemical and physical changes to the surface of the material aiming at improved hydrophilicity attributed to the formation of roughness on the surface of fibres, thus obtaining optimal parameters for future works. Changes in the chemical composition of the surface as well as in the superficial roughness of fibres before and after treatment were determined by FTIR, TGA, XRD and wettability testing. SEM was used as a complementary technique to monitor the changes triggered by the procedures using oxygen plasma.
RESUMONo setor industrial, materiais que apresentem bom desempenho mecânico atrelado com uma vida útil elevada e a uma boa relação custo/benefício vem a cada dia sendo mais procurado, diante disso, os materiais compósitos, dentre eles os compósitos poliméricos fibrosos estão a cada dia sendo mais utilizados, pois estes desempenham determinadas funções que os materiais convencionais não conseguem desempenhar. No entanto, em se tratando dos compósitos poliméricos é importante que se saiba de fato qual o comportamento que este material tem quando está em situações adversas como em contanto com os fluidos de processo ou até mesmo com calor. Desta forma, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi desenvolver um compósito utilizando uma matriz polimérica de resina poliéster com reforço fibroso de manta de vidro-E, onde este foi imerso em água do mar por um período de 1460 dias. Os corpos de prova (CP's) foram submetidos ao ensaio de tração uniaxial, buscando determinar resistência e módulo de tração. Feito isso, realizou-se um comparativo das propriedades mecânicas para todas as condições de ensaio como estado seco e água do mar. Além disso, foi caracterizada a fratura final dos CP's para a condição de imersão. Ao término dos ensaios observou-se perda nas propriedades mecânicas para a condição de ensaio de tração após o período de imersão, porém esta perda não invalida o seu uso uma vez considerando estes parâmetros durante a elaboração do projeto estrutural. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Compósitos Poliméricos; Degradação Mecânica; Água do Mar; Propriedades Mecânicas. Analysis of Mechanical Properties of PRFV Composite when Immersed inSeawater for Extended Time. ABSTRACTIn the industrial sector, materials that present good mechanical performance linked to a high useful life and at a good cost / benefit comes every day being more sought, in front of this, the composite materials, among them the fibrous polymeric composites are every day being more requested, because they perform certain functions that conventional materials cannot perform. However, when it comes to polymer composites, it is important to know the behavior of this material when it is in adverse situations, such as in process fluids or even heat. In this way, the objective of this research was to develop a composite using a polymer matrix of polyester resin with fibrous reinforcement of E-glass, where it was immersed in sea water for a period of 1460 days. The specimens (CPs) were submitted to the uniaxial tensile test, seeking to determine strength and tensile modulus. After this, a comparative of mechanical properties was performed for all the test conditions as dry state and sea water. In addition, the final fracture of the CPs was characterized for the immersion condition. At the end of the tests, loss of mechanical properties was noticed for the tensile test condition after the immersion period, but this loss does not invalidate its use once considering these parameters during the structural project elaboration.
RESUMOEste trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma análise A utilização dos materiais compósitos estar sendo amplamente investigada para a aplicação em formas estruturais, tendo em visto esta utilização o objetivo desse trabalho consiste em fazer uma análise comparativa das propriedades mecânicas de tração uniaxial em compósitos reforçado por fibra de vidro quando os mesmos passaram por uma imersão em petróleo no período de 365 dias e por um envelhecimento acelerado, sob ação simultânea de temperatura e umidade. Após os ensaios mecânicos pode ser feito uma avaliação comparativa do comportamento das propriedades mecânicas como módulo de elasticidade, tensão de ruptura, deformação de ruptura e tensão máxima. Para efeitos de comparação, usou-se o material sem nenhum tipo de ação externa (petróleo ou envelhecimento), ou seja, estado original e o material submetido ao efeito da imersão em petróleo e do envelhecimento acelerado. Ao final, os laminados em estudo, foram submetidos à caracterização final da fratura. Podemos concluir que para o ensaio de tração houve uma queda em torno de 25% para o material envelhecido e 16% para o imerso em petróleo, para a tensão máxima, já para o módulo elástico, os percentuais de retenção foram em torno de 28% e 16%, para o imerso em petróleo e o envelhecido, respectivamente. Na caracterização da fratura, os principais tipos de danos em materiais compósitos foram observados, como por exemplo, fraturas adesivas, coesivas na fibra e na matriz PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Propriedades Mecânicas, Materiais Compósitos, Envelhecimento Acelerado, Petróleo. INFLUENCE OF ACCELERATED AGING IN MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GFR IMMERSED IN OIL ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the use of composite materials being widely investigated for application in structural forms, having seen this use our aim is to make a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of uniaxial tensile composite carbon fiber reinforced glass when they passed through an immersion oil in the period of 365 days and an accelerated aging under simultaneous action of temperature and humidity. After the mechanical tests can be made a comparative evaluation of the behavior of mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, rupture stress, break strain, and maximum stress. For comparison purposes, we used the material without any external action (petroleum or aging), that is, original state, and the material subjected to the effect of the immersion oil and accelerated aging. Finally, the laminated study were submitted to the final characterization of the fracture. We can conclude that for the tensile test there was a drop of around 25% for the aged material and 16% for the immersed in oil to the maximum voltage, as for elastic modulus, retention rates were around 28% and 16% for the immersed in oil and aged, respectively. In characterizing the fracture, the main types of damage in composite materials have been observed, such as fractures adhesive, cohesive in fiber and the matrix.
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