There are few studies on pediatric oral pathologies in the literature. This study presents data from a review of 2,356 biopsies of young patients (birth to 14 years) received over 15 years (1985-2000) in the Oral Pathology Service at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Information about patients (sex, age, race) and histopathological diagnosis was retrieved. Diagnosis data of 2,356 biopsies were classified into 20 groups.There was no significant difference between male (50.0%) and female (49.0%) patients. White is the predominant race (69.0%), and patients ages were concentrated between 9 and 14 years old (70%). Mucocele was the most frequent (13.5%), followed by dentigerous cyst (6.5%) and fibrous hyperplasia (5.4%). Papilloma and Langerhans cells histiocytosis were the most common non-odontogenic benign and malignant tumors, respectively. In the group of odontogenic tumors, odontoma was the most frequent, and ameloblastoma had a significant incidence (27 cases). These data are important in order to detect differences in geographic areas, diagnosis line tendencies and for clinicians to perform judgment to evaluate of the pediatric patients before the biopsy and management of pediatric oral lesions.

The aim of this paper was to assess the nonsurgical treatment of oral leukoplakia (OL). A medline search from 1983 to 2009 was conducted. The topical or systemic nonsurgical treatments or combination of both was reviewed. The primary outcomes of interest were clinical resolution, malignant transformation, follow-up, and recurrence of OL. Studies showed a rate higher than 50% of clinical resolution with photodynamic therapy, beta-carotene, lycopene, or vitamin A. Few studies reported rates of recurrence from 5 to 67% and of malignant transformation from 8 to 23%. There is a lack of randomized clinical trials that assess the effectiveness of nonsurgical treatment of OL. At this time, randomized controlled trials for nonsurgical treatment of OL demonstrate no evidence of effective treatment in preventing malignant transformation and recurrence. It reinforces that even after clinical resolution, OL should be regularly followed.

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Objectives: This study reviewed the use of fractal analysis (FA) in dental images. Methods: A search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. The inclusion criteria were human studies in the English language, with no date restriction. Results: 78 articles were found in which FA was applied to panoramic radiographs (34), periapical radiographs (21), bitewing radiographs (4), cephalometric radiograph (1), cone beam CT (15), micro-CT (3), sialography (2), and ultrasound (2). Low bone mineral density (21) and systemic or local diseases (22) around the bone of dental implants were the main subjects of the study of FA. Various sizes and sites of the regions of interest were used to evaluate the bone structure. Different ways were used to treat the image and to calculate FA. FA of 43 articles showed significant differences in the comparison of groups, mainly between healthy and sick patients. Conclusions: FA in Dentistry has been widely applied to the study of images. Panoramic and periapical radiographs were those most frequently used. The Image J software and the box-counting method were extensively adopted in the studies reviewed herein. Further studies are encouraged to improve clarification of the parameters that directly influence FA.

OBJECTIVES: Peripheral giant cell lesion (PGCL) and central giant cell lesion (CGCL) of the jaws have a distinct clinical behaviour. Whether such biological differences are supported by a distinct pattern of proliferation markers or cell cycle associated proteins expression is not known. Therefore the purpose of the present study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of p53, MDM2, Ki‐67, PCNA and the histochemical expression of argyrophilic nuclear organiser region (AgNOR) on PGCL and CGCL of the jaws. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paraffin wax blocks of 14 cases of PGCL and 12 cases of CGCL were retrieved. A biotin‐streptavidin amplified system was used for identification of the antigens. The AgNOR number was also evaluated. RESULTS: Ki‐67 immunoreactivity was greater in the mononuclear cells of PGCL compared to CGCL. PCNA and AgNOR staining were similar in PGCL and CGCL. Prominent MDM2 immunoreactivy was observed in all tissues investigated. By contrast, there was no p53 immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Although CGCL present a more aggressive clinical behaviour, it has a decreased proliferative activity compared to PGCL. Finally, p53, MDM2, PCNA, Ki‐67 immunohistochemical expression and AgNOR histochemical expression do not reflect their distinct biological behaviour.