Almendro (Dipteryx panamensis (Pittier) Record & Mell.) is one of the native tree species with higher wood density planted in Latin American tropical region, which has given it a reputation and international acceptance in the wood-floors markets. The tree has also a remarkable ecological value, as an important food source and habitat for several endangered fauna. This research studied the potential for genetic improvement and stability of a collection of 29 open-pollinated families of Dipteryx panamensis at 48 months of age. The materials came from three different local native populations northern from Costa Rica. Individual heritabilities for commercial volume registered moderate values, between 9 % and 22 %, while mean family heritability, ranged between 47 % and 74 % for the traits evaluated. No significant genetic differences among provenances for none of the traits evaluated were observed. The genetic correlation for commercial volume between both sites showed a value of r = 0.96, which suggests low G × E interaction. If selected the top 20 individuals from the genetic ranking in commercial volume, an expected genetic gain above 50 % in year 4 can be obtained. The use of improved almendro seeds could have great impact and motivate plantations with this tree species in tropical regions. It is concluded that a unique breeding program for the whole country is feasible.
<p><strong>Background:</strong> It was noted in 2012 that the Cenchrus genus absorbed the Pennisetum genus, within which grass varieties that accumulate a large amount of standing dry matter (DM) are currently included, which is favored by the rainfall regime and assistance with fertilizers. <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the effect of different fertilization variants (NPK, ferti-forage and without fertilization (control)) on the agronomic morpho response in varieties of <em>Cenchrus purpureus</em> (King grass verde, Elefante, Morado, Maralfalfa and Cuba CT-115) in different regrowth ages (45 and 60 days) in the conditions of the Santo Domingo Canton, Ecuador. <strong>Methodology:</strong> A study was carried out in a randomized block design with factorial arrangement, and its interaction (5x3x2) with five replicates. Yield of green biomass (t YG ha<sup>-1</sup>), total dry matter, leaves and stems (t DM ha<sup>-1</sup>) and morphological variables were considered. <strong>Results:</strong> The interaction of the second degree affected (P≤0.001) the performance of YG in favor of the Maralfalfa variety at 60 days of regrowth with the application of complete formula (83.60 t YG ha<sup>-1</sup>), also this variety in this same age and fertilizer, provided the highest (P≤0.001) values in the total DM and stem yield (20.90 and 11.71 t DM ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively), the highest (P≤0.001) dry leaf yield was provided by the Cuba CT-115 at 60 days with application of ferti-forage (9.49 t DM ha<sup>-1</sup>). <strong>Implications:</strong> The use of fertility provides greater accumulation of DM at the leaf level, where, under the conditions in which the study was carried out, it was the CT-115 that showed the best response to this alternative. All the varieties showed at the age of 60 days the greater accumulation of DM. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The varieties Maralfalfa, Morado and CT-115 stood out in the productive response and morphology during growth under the combination of the factors of interest in this investigation.</p>
Los abonos orgánicos aportan materia orgánica, nutrimentos y microorganismos, lo cual favorece la fertilidad del suelo y la nutrición de las plantas. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar el efecto del humus de lombriz y el jacinto de agua sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de plantas de pepino, en un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones, las cuales se sometieron a la aplicación de los abonos humus de lombriz y jacinto de agua. Se midió altura de la planta, número de frutos, largo del fruto, diámetro del fruto, peso del fruto y el rendimiento. Los resultados mostraron que la aplicación del humus de lombriz más el jacinto de agua incrementaron las variables altura de la planta, largo del fruto y peso del fruto en el pepino respecto al control, con diferencias significativa el rendimiento agrícola alcanzando 1.61 t/ha. El efecto bioestimulante de estos bioabonos permitió un mejor desarrollo del cultivo del pepino.
La producción orgánica de hortalizas es una alternativa promisoria ante los problemas de la agricultura convencional. En este trabajo tres variantes de abonos orgánicos se aplicaron al suelo con el propósito de evaluar su efecto en el cultivo de la berenjena. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron humus de lombriz, compost de jacinto de agua y la mezcla 50% humus de lombriz + 50% jacinto de agua así como, un testigo con fertilización química convencional. Se evaluó la alturas de las plantas a los 30, 45 y 60 días, número de frutos por cosecha, largo, diámetro y peso de los frutos en tres cosechas, además del rendimiento agrícola. Los resultados mostraron que las plantas que recibieron abonos orgánicos fueron más altas , tuvieron frutos más grandes y más pesados, así como mayor rendimiento agrícola que el testigo con fertilización convencional, siendo el mejor tratamiento de todos la mezcla 50% humus de lombriz + 50% jacinto de agua.
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