Forty percent of the alcohol-dependent patients and 16.6% of the general clinical sample (vs 6.4% of the normative sample) showed at least one personality disorder. Dependent personality disorders were most prevalent (13.3%), followed by paranoid and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders (10% each).
Of the alcohol-dependent patients, 44.3%, and of the general clinical sample, 21.7% (vs 6.8% of the normative sample) showed at least one personality disorder. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorders were most prevalent (12%), followed by antisocial, paranoid and dependent personality disorders (7% each). Most of them showed only one personality disorder.
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características psicopatológicas y dimensiones de personalidad de los pacientes dependientes del alcohol, comparándolas, a su vez, con un grupo de control clínico de pacientes psiquiátricos, pero sin diagnóstico de abuso de sustancias, y con un grupo de control sano. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 158 pacientes dependientes del alcohol en tratamiento ambulatorio, 120 pacientes no-adictos, también en tratamiento ambulatorio, y 103 sujetos sanos apareados con las muestras clínicas en sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico. Todos los sujetos fueron evaluados con diferentes instrumentos relacionados con la personalidad (Escala de Búsqueda de Sensaciones, Escala de Impulsividad y Cuestionario de Ansiedad-Rasgo), con las características psicopatológicas (SCL-90-R) y con los trastornos de personalidad (MCMI-II). Los pacientes pertenecientes a los grupos clínicos mostraron una mayor sintomatología ansiosodepresiva y mayores problemas de inadaptación que los sujetos del grupo de control sano, pero no había diferencias entre los grupos clínicos. Los pacientes dependientes del alcohol presentaron un mayor nivel de impulsividad y de búsqueda de sensaciones que los otros dos grupos. Los trastornos de personalidad de los pacientes dependientes del alcohol fueron el histriónico, el narcisista y el antisocial. Por último, se comentan las implicaciones de esta investigación para la práctica clínica y para futuras investigaciones. 373 ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper was to describe the psychopathological and personality profile associated with alcohol dependence and to compare it with those of non-addictive disorders and the normal population. The sample consisted of 158 alcoholdependent participants attending a psychiatric outpatient clinic, 120 psychiatric patients with non-addictive disorders and 103 participants from the general population chosen to match the patient samples for age, gender and socioeconomic level. All participants were assessed with different instruments related to personality (Impulsiveness Scale, Sensation-Seeking Scale and STAI), psychopathology (SCL-90-R, BDI and Maladjustment Scale) and personality disorders (MCMI-II). Patients from the clinical groups presented more symptoms of anxiety and depression than the healthy participants and had more problems adjusting to everyday life, but there were no differences between the two clinical groups. Alcohol-dependent patients were more impulsive and sensation-seeking than the other two groups. Histrionic, narcissistic and antisocial personality disorders were specific to the alcohol-dependent patients. The implications of this study for further research are discussed.
This study assessed personality disorders (PDs) in 158 alcohol-dependent outpatients (62 manifesting cocaine abuse and 96 without cocaine abuse) with the International Personality Disorders Examination interview between 2003 and 2006. Thirty-nine alcohol-dependent/cocaine abusers (62.9% of this group) and 51 only alcohol-dependent patients (53.1% of this group) manifested at least one PD. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the overall prevalence rate of PDs. The most prevalent PDs, among the alcohol-dependent/cocaine abusers, were antisocial (21%), narcissistic (14.5%), and borderline (11.3%) PDs. The most frequently diagnosed PDs among the only alcohol-dependent patients were obsessive-compulsive (20.8%), paranoid (10.4%), and dependent (9.4%) PDs. There were significant differences between the groups. The study limitations are discussed.
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características psicopatológicas y dimensiones de personalidad de los pacientes adultos jóvenes dependientes del cannabis, comparándolas, a su vez, con un grupo de control clínico de pacientes psiquiátricos, pero sin diagnóstico de abuso de sustancias, y con un grupo de control sano. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 141 pacientes dependientes del cannabis en tratamiento ambulatorio, 140 pacientes no-adictos, también en tratamiento ambulatorio, y 140 sujetos sanos apareados con las muestras clínicas en sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico. Todos los sujetos fueron evaluados con diferentes instrumentos relacionados con la personalidad
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