The first utilizations of social justice theory as a guide to planning theory and practice were founded on David Harvey's attempt to incorporate issues of redistributive justice into geographical methods of analysis. Later conceptualizations utilize Iris Marion Young's view of social justice as an institutional condition that enables participation and overcomes oppression and domination through the achievement of self-development and self-determination. These two conceptual paths create a constructive argumentative tension that should underlie contemporary spatial planning in democratic societies. This means that, in order to contribute to more socially just urban societies, planning needs to be focused not only on patterns of distribution, but also on the relational social structures and institutional contexts in which these come about. Comprehensive and functionalist, mainstream planning in Portugal is unmistakably situated within the modernist planning project. We argue that the normative disposition of the identified argumentative tension undermines the theoretical capacity of modernist practices to achieve socially just territories. The aim of this article is to study the validity of this argument by analyzing the Portuguese planning system against a twofold set of social justice criteria. Copyright (c) 2007 The Authors. Journal Compilation (c) 2007 Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

The study of Africa's new developments and satellite cities has been mostly led under the fundamentally aesthetic typology of 'urban fantasies'. This provides important elements for a critique of how speculative idioms have been tainting contemporary forms of urban development across the continent, but it does not allow us to apprehend them as modes of city making with particular histories, practices and toolkits. This article leans on the Angolan example to contend with that typology. Drawing on an in-depth study of urban development in contemporary Luanda and its relationship with the Angolan oil complex, it does so in three moments. First, it presents a brief overview of what, in the recent years, has become one of the leading ways of critically assessing urban worlding projects in the African context. Second, it uses an introductory viewpoint into Luanda's 'new centralities' project to contribute towards an improved and more nuanced understanding of what underpins and constitutes the envisioned futures of African cities. And third, it reconsiders and fine-tunes some of the main premises on which the study of Africa's emerging forms of urban development has been carried out thus far. Keywords African cities, urban fantasies, worlding, circuitries The camera moves along a road lined with brand new streetlights and recently transplanted trees (see McKenzie, 2012, November 1). On the outer limit of the sidewalk, a narrow strip of manicured green grass blends into the vacant land. A conspicuous mass of indistinct buildings appears in the distance. 'A jaw-dropping development outside of Luanda, Angola.' The voice-over is dramatic, almost theatrical. As the moving image transitions into a short sequence of static views, a pristine city is revealed. 'Row after row of high-rises. Twenty thousand apartments. And that's just phase one.' Pause, a change in tone and CNN's David McKenzie comes on the screen. He is in jeans and a pale blue shirt. His collar is unbuttoned. Both his shoes and his posture are casual. Standing in the middle of a wide boulevard,

Introduction: the institutionalization of justice and the Portuguese case When discussing issues of social justice in urban policy and planning, two elemental ways of understanding and addressing problems in contemporary cities can be found. On the one hand there is a deep concern with the substance of planning and its material outcomes (Fainstein, 2003; 2005; Harvey, 1973; 2000). On the other hand it is the institutional and ideological conditions created in (and by) planning processes that make up the content of enquiry (Sandercock, 1998; 2003; Young, 1990). In this paper we concentrate on the latter facet of this productive argumentative tension (Cardoso and Breda-Va¨zquez, 2007), particularly on the aspiration to institutionalize socially just decision-making in traditional spatial planning endeavors. The institutionalization of what Healey (2007) calls``the transformative goals of planning'' is the main concern of many contemporary planning enterprises as it permeates the theoretical constructs made by proponents of new institutionalism in planning and policy analysis, particularly those made by advocates of its sociological and social constructivist strands (Gonza¨lez et al, 2005; Gualini, 2001). This current of thought attempts to dissolve the argument over the reproductive or transformative nature of planning (traditionally held by political economists) by focusing oǹ`a more specific enquiry into the circumstances in which a particular initiative in a specific situation has or might release transformative potential, and in what direction, and when, in contrast, it may merely act to reinforce and maintain established practices'' (Healey, 2007, page 63). One other fundamental premise of sociological institutionalism refers to a refocus in the discussion of planning processes from material project design and substantive outcomes to the design of institutional conditions framing their emergence and concretization in terms of`w ho gets involved in governance processes and through what modes or styles of

This intervention is by a collective of scholars working on various facets of urbanisation in Asia. Focusing on the notion of arrangements/re-arrangements, it seeks to extend the consideration of urban politics as a matter of surges, a provisional consolidation of intensities, inhabitants and their practices, affiliations and orientations that give rise to continuously mutating forms of sense, care, and collective action. Whereas the work and effects of institutions, with their genealogies, remits, and competencies, are to a large extent specifiable according to their operating norms and the various regulatory frameworks that govern their operations, the dispositions of arrangements -what they do, what they actually bring about -are not readily definable or clear, enacting a form of performative ambiguity. Involving workarounds, collaborations, exchanges, and agreements that exceed the familiar protocols of interaction among households, local authorities, markets, civil institutions, brokers, and service providers, arrangements entail the enactment of caring, provisioning, regulating, mapping, and steering as the purview of more provisional, incessantly mutating forms that fold in bits and pieces of discernible institutions. In this heuristic intervention we seek to further the 'urbanisation' of urban geography itself, in the sense of complexifying both the terrain and the methodological practices brought to bear. It attempts to open a way of speaking about urbanisation processes that exceed binary formulations, countervailing scales, or structural absences to encompass a broader range of processes at work in shaping dispositions that are materialised or simply potentiated. It proceeds from a process of collective composition whose objective is to diversify the working tools of urban analysis rather than simply offering new conceptual formulations.

This paper analyses the oceanic character of Luanda's contemporary urbanism as a way of undoing continental entrapments in the study of cities. Tracing the lineage of an urban development initiative in the Angolan capital back to Brazil's Salvador da Bahia, the paper provides a look into how a Brazilian construction company turned to real estate to forge, export, and implement a distinctive mode of being and becoming urban across the Southern Atlantic. In doing this, the paper also makes emphatic the critical role played by oil extraction in the devising of urban development strategies on both sides of the Atlantic, which then opens up an enquiry into the direct and profound impact that sugar and slavery had in the making of Salvador. By seeing Luanda from Salvador, the aim of this paper is to flesh out enduring features of what is presented as a form of Southern Atlantic urbanism. Resumo: Este artigo analisa o car ater oceânico do urbanismo contemporâneo de Luanda por forma a dissipar predisposic ßões continentais no estudo das cidades. Trac ßando a linhagem de uma iniciativa de desenvolvimento urbano levada a cabo na capital angolana at e Salvador da Bahia, analisa-se o modo como uma construtora brasileira se voltou para o setor imobili ario para forjar, exportar e implementar um modo distinto de ser e tornar-se urbano atrav es do Atlântico Sul. Ao executar esta an alise, o artigo pretende tamb em destacar o papel cr ıtico desempenhado pela extrac ßão de petr oleo na concec ßão de estrat egias de desenvolvimento urbano em ambos as margens do Atlântico, abrindo em seguida para uma an alise do impacto profundo e direto que o ac ß ucar e a escravidão tiveram na fundac ßão e desenvolvimento de Salvador. Ao olhar para Luanda a partir de Salvador, o objetivo deste artigo e assim dar corpo ao que e apresentado como uma forma de urbanismo do Atlântico Sul.