This work proposes a comparative critical approach to the terms in which Pierre Bourdieu formulates, on one hand, the theory of practices and, on the other, those implicit in what he calls 'public position taking', a theory of social change. The question that guides the article is: to what degree is the logic of practices contained in the theory of action that the author develops and defends in his scientific works consistent with that enunciated in his public interventions when referring to conditions and mechanisms for change? The analysis leads to a consideration of an important difference between the terms in which Bourdieu analyses and explains social practices, and those he uses when depicting the conditions under which social change is possible.keywords: political commitment ✦ role of the intellectual ✦ social agent ✦ theory of change ✦ theory of practices The present work critically compares the logic of practices as formulated, on one hand, in the theory of action developed by Pierre Bourdieu in his scientific works, and on the other, in the theory of change implicit in his public 'position taking'. 1 It is possible to indicate an important difference between the logic postulated by his theory when it analyses and explains social practices (economic, religious, academic, artistic, etc.) and the logic he uses when delineating the conditions under which social change is not only conceivable but also possible.

"Les stratégies de la mémoire". Les anniversaires d'événements historiques donnent l'occasion d'exercer cette mémoire qui, dans la vie des nations, construit des identités. Le centième et le cent- cinquantième anniversaire de la mort du héros national argentin, San Martin, revêtirent une signification particulière. Aussi bien Juan Domingo Perón en 1950, que Fernando De la Rua, en 2000, accomplirent des rites équivalents, en tant que présidents en exercice. Pourtant, alors que le premier accumulait les manifestations et gestes chargés de symboles, les faits et gestes du deuxième sont demeurés inaperçus, à tel point que la presse ne reproduisit que quelques courtes phrases de son discours et que la commission ad-hoc (dirigée par l'ex-président Menem) se bornait à republier les documents de 1950 relatifs à la vie et mort du héros. L'analyse de cette suite de discours, la récupération de la version de l'histoire donnée par Bartolomé Mitre en 1850, la réédition des documents par l'Instituto Nacional Juan Domingo Perón de Estudios e Investigaciones Históricas, Sociales y Politicas contrastent avec le silence qui entoure les paroles du Président De la Rua alors en exercice. On voit s'y dessiner une stratégie d'auto-construction de la mémoire.

Entre la recherche et la distanciation. Usage du discours historique dans Tradiciones peruanas de Ricardo Palma. S'inscrivant dans une tradition multiple, Ricardo Palma dans Tradiciones peruanas, fait jouer l'humour pour porter un regard critique sur les personnages et les institutions. Parmi les formes de discours qui apparaissent dans son œuvre, on peut détacher l'importance du discours historique, doté d'un prestige tout particulier dans la deuxième moitié du XIXème siècle. L'attitude de Palma à l'égard des normes qui régissent ce discours est variable, allant de leur acceptation à leur critique directe ou à leur traitement ironique dans l'étape de sa vie où il a réussi à être reconnu comme écrivain du genre des « traditions ». C'est une valeur qu'il prétend servir, mais aussi un motif d'objections lorsque d'autres critiquent sa façon de le pratiquer : le discours historique est utilisé par Palma de façon « hésitante », au long de sa carrière d'écrivain. Son discours semble viser à la fois à une autoconstruction hiérarchique, à son propre positionnement dans le cadre du système de relations auquel il appartient en tant qu'agent, et tout autant à une finalité éthique qui transcende les intérêts individuels.

BACKGROUND: Increasing consumption of psychoactive substances is a major social concern worldwide. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of psychoactive substances consumption in the Portuguese, lifetime and recently, the main reasons for the consumption and associated factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on the ASSIST applied to a sample of 385 Portuguese obtained for convenience. It was used descriptive statistics, the qui-square, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Alcohol was the most consumed throughout life (86%), followed by xanthines (79%) and tobacco (60%). In the last 3 months, xanthines (49%) were the most consumed daily, followed by tobacco (22%) and alcohol (9%). Socializing was the main reason for consumption of alcohol (67%), tobacco (36%) and cannabis (34%). Anxiolytics have been used to sleep (50%) and xanthines to increase cognitive capacity (35%). Tobacco (p = 0.016), alcohol (p = 0.03) and illicit substances (p <  0.001) were more consumed by men and anxiolytics by women (p = 0.027). Alcohol (p = 0.008), cannabis (p = 0.027), and xanthines (p = 0.009) were mostly consumed by young adults. CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal sporadic and recreational use of illicit substances, and regular use of alcohol, tobacco and xanthines, mostly by young adults and men, and anxiolytics by women. Socializing was the main reason for psychoactive substances consumption.

VISIR+ is an Erasmus+ project that aims to develop educational modules for electric and electronic circuits theory and practice following an enquiry-based teaching and learning methodology. The project has installed five new VISIR remote labs in Higher Education Institutions located in Argentina and Brazil, to allow students doing more experiments and hence acquire better experimental skills, through a combination of traditional (hands-on), remote and virtual laboratories. A key aspect for the success of this project was to motivate and train teachers in the underpinning educational methodology. As such, VISIR+ adopted a 3-tier training process to effectively support the use of VISIR in the Institutions that received it. This process is based on the "train the trainer" approach, which required the participating partner institutions to identify and engage a number of associated partners, interested in using their newly installed remote lab. To measure the quality of the training process, the same satisfaction questionnaire was used in all training actions. This paper presents a detailed description of the training actions along with the analysis of the satisfaction questionnaire results. Major conclusions are that the quality level of the training process remained practically the same across all training actions and that trainees sometimes considered the practical use of the VISIR remote lab as difficult, irrespectively of where and when the training action took place.