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-(Analysis of structure of forest fragments in the Paulistano Plateau). The variation in the structure of forest fragments in the Paulistano Plateau, under different viewpoints and spatial scales, is described. A total census of the dominant arboreal component (GBH ≥ 50 cm) in two areas (0.5 ha and 0.2 ha) inside a forest fragment, the Cidade Universitária "Armando de Salles Oliveira" (CUASO) Reserve, Butantã, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil (approximately 23°34'S, 46°43'W) included 227 individuals belonging to 50 species. A total absolute dominance (Do) of 20.1 m 2 .ha -1 , a Shannon index (H´) of 3.04 nats.ind -1 and Pielou´s evenness (J´) of 77.79% were found. Inside each area, regions of concentration of pioneer, secondary and climax species were found. The two areas showed differences in species composition and in the numeric contribution of climax species. Analysing 16 studies in the Paulistano Plateau, a significant Spearman correlation was found between inclusion criterion (GBH) and total absolute density (De), between number of individuals (N) and number of species (S), and between N and percentage of species with one individual (S 1 /S). Values of De, S and S 1 /S were corrected in order to neutralise the effect of GBH and N, using the residuals of curves adjusted by non-linear regression. After the correction, significant correlations were found among S, S 1 /S, H´ and J´, variables related to diversity, but not between De and Do or between any of both and any of the variables related to diversity, pointing to an independence between species diversity and physical structure of the analysed forests. The CUASO forest showed low diversity values relative to the other ones, tentatively explained by its history of succession in isolation.RESUMO -(Análise da estrutura de fragmentos florestais no Planalto Paulistano -SP). Neste trabalho é descrita a variação encontrada na estrutura de fragmentos florestais no Planalto Paulistano, sob diversos aspectos e em diferentes escalas de tamanho. Um censo do componente arbóreo dominante (PAP ≥ 50 cm) em duas áreas (0,5 ha e 0,2 ha) no interior de um fragmento florestal, a Reserva da Cidade Universitária "Armando de Salles Oliveira" (CUASO), Butantã, São Paulo, SP (aproximadamente 23°34'S, 46°43'W) incluiu 227 indivíduos de 50 espécies. Foi encontrada dominância absoluta total (Do) de 20,1 m 2 .ha -1 , índice de Shannon (H´) de 3,04 nats.ind -1 e equabilidade de Pielou (J´) de 77,79%. Em cada área, foram encontradas regiões de concentração de espécies pioneiras, secundárias e climácicas. As duas áreas apresentaram diferenças na composição em espécies e na contribuição numérica de indivíduos de espécies climácicas. Analisando 16 estudos no Planalto Paulistano, encontrou-se correlação de Spearman significativa entre critério de inclusão (PAP) e densidade absoluta total (De), entre número de indivíduos (N) e número de espécies (S), entre N e porcentagem de espécies com um indivíduo (S 1 /S). Corrigidos os valores de De, S e S 1 /S para neutralizar...

-(The invasion of a forest fragment in São Paulo (SP) by the Australian palm Archontophoenix cunninghamiana H. Wendl. & Drude). Biological invasions are a threat to the maintenance of biological diversity, especially in small, isolated habitat fragments. This work reports the invasion of the Reserve of the Cidade Universitária "Armando de Salles Oliveira" (23 o 34' S, 46 o 43' W), a small (10 ha) forest fragment, by a palm native of Australia, describing spatial patterns, size structure and dynamic features of its population. Adult individuals (DBH > 25 cm) occur in a large portion of the Reserve. In a 2.1 ha area inside the Reserve, A. cunninghamiana was the species with the highest density among trees with DBH > 9.5 cm, with 305 individuals (22.5% of total). The species was absent from sites with a recent history of human disturbance, suggesting preference for establishment in shady sites. The size structure analysis indicates a future increase in the relative density of the species. Seedlings (with pinatissect leaves, without woody stem) were absent from only three out of 87 studied quadrats (10 m x 10 m) and juveniles (with woody stem) with DBH < 9.5 cm were absent from 19 quadrats. Two surveys with a 2.5 years interval (DBH > 9.5 cm) showed the death of three of the initial 154 individuals and the recruitment of 89 more, leading to a population growth of 19.4%.year -1 , very high in comparison with literature data. The high density already achieved by the invader and its tendency to increase even more call for management actions in order to reverse the invasion process.RESUMO -(A invasão de um fragmento florestal em São Paulo (SP) pela palmeira australiana Archontophoenix cunninghamiana H. Wendl. & Drude). Invasões biológicas são uma ameaça à manutenção da diversidade biológica, especialmente em fragmentos de hábitat pequenos e isolados. Este trabalho reporta a invasão da Reserva Florestal da Cidade Universitária "Armando de Salles Oliveira" (23 o 34' S e 46 o 43' W), um pequeno (10 ha) fragmento florestal, por uma palmeira nativa da Austrália, através da descrição dos padrões espaciais, estrutura de tamanhos e aspectos dinâmicos de sua população. Indivíduos adultos (DAP > 25 cm) se distribuem por grande parte da Reserva. Entre as árvores com DAP > 9,5 cm, em uma área de 2,1 ha, A. cunninghamiana foi a espécie com maior densidade, com 305 indivíduos (22,5% do total). A espécie esteve ausente em locais com histórico recente de perturbação antrópica, sugerindo preferência por estabelecimento em locais sombreados. A análise da estrutura de tamanhos indica um aumento futuro da densidade relativa da espécie. Plântulas (com folhas pinatissectas, sem caule lignificado) não ocorreram em apenas três de 87 parcelas de 10 m x 10 m estudadas, e jovens (com caule lignificado) com DAP < 9,5 cm não ocorreram em 19 delas. Dois levantamentos com 2,5 anos de intervalo (DAP > 9,5 cm) mostraram a morte de três dos 154 indivíduos iniciais e o recrutamento de mais 89, levando a um crescimento populacional de 19,4%.ano -...

Epiphytes are hyper‐diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non‐vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer‐reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non‐vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non‐vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events.

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