Recommendations for J. curcas plants were studied for adequate crop spacing, and to increase the number of female and hermaphrodite flowers and fruit yields. The study was carried out in an experimental field in Brazil,using four-year-old adult plants in a 5 x 3 factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included five doses of the growth regulator kinetin (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg L-1 at the volume of 330 ml per plant) in a single application to six plants and three planting spaces (3×3, 3×2, 3×1 m). The results showed that the applied kinetin doses did not interfere in the production index of J. curcas, but population density exerted a significant influence on the vegetative and reproductive development of the J. curcas plants in the 3x3 spacing, where competition for essential growth resources (water, light and nutrients) seems to have been less intense and the plants were more vigorous. Cropping J. curcas plants in 3 × 3 spacing is recommended to obtain vigorous plants with a high number of branches, inflorescences and high grain yield. Applying kinetin at concentrations lower than 12 mg L-1 did not interfere in the sexual expression of J. curcas flowers. Further studies with higher kinetin doses in 3 × 3 m spacing are necessary to elucidate and recommend new management practices.
-The present study had as objective to identify the adequate maturation stage for fruit harvest as well as the ideal temperature for germination of Jatropha curcas seeds. The fruit were collected to form a composite sample, and then classified by color in three maturity stages as follows: Stage I -yellow fruit with shiny black seeds; Stage II -yellow fruit, with more than 50% brownish black, and shiny black seeds; Stage III -dry black fruit with matt black seeds. Subsequently, evaluations of the degree of moisture, germination, electrical conductivity and water absorption at different temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C). The study followed a 3x5 factorial experimental design with four replications. The maximum germination occurs at a temperature of 35 ºC, it is recommended to harvest the seeds of Jatropha curcas at maturity stage II.Index terms: physiological quality, oil seed, uniformity.Temperatura e estádio de maturação: seus efeitos na germinação de sementes de pinhão manso RESUMO -O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar o adequado estádio de maturação para colheita de frutos bem como a temperatura ideal para germinação de sementes de pinhão manso. Os frutos foram colhidos de forma aleatória para compor uma amostra composta. Após a colheita, estes frutos foram classificados de acordo com a coloração, em três estádios de maturação que constituíram os seguintes tratamentos: Estádio I: frutos amarelos, com sementes pretas brilhantes; Estádio II: frutos amarelos, com mais de 50% em tom marrom escuro, com sementes pretas brilhantes; Estádio III: frutos pretos e secos, com sementes pretas foscas. Posteriormente, foram realizadas avaliações do grau de umidade, germinação, condutividade elétrica e absorção de água nas diferentes temperaturas (20, 25, 30, 35 e 40 °C). O delineamento experimental foi o esquema fatorial 3x5 com quatro repetições. O máximo de germinação ocorre na temperatura de 35º C, recomenda-se colher as sementes de pinhão manso no estádio II de maturação.Termos para indexação: qualidade fisiológica, sementes oleaginosas, uniformidade.
O objetivo com o presente estudo foi identificar o efeito da adubação silicatada no crescimento de plantas de Eucalyptus urocam sob déficit hídrico. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação coberta com plástico transparente e laterais de sombrite com 50% de interceptação da radiação solar sobre bancada no campo experimental da Universidade Estadual de Goiás. As mudas foram transplantadas em vasos de doze litros contendo uma mistura de solo, areia e esterco na proporção de 3:1:0,5, respectivamente. Seguiu o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x2 (50 e 100% de água equivalente a evapotranspiração diária e aplicação de Silício foliar na concentração de 0 e 1 g L-1) seis repetições. As doses de Si utilizadas não apresentaram interação com o déficit hídrico. Os Eucalyptus urocam não são acumuladoras de Si e a adubação silicatada não interferiu no crescimento vegetativo e relações hídricas desta espécie de Eucalipto. As plantas de Eucalyptus urocam apresentam como estratégia de tolerância a seca a maximização da absorção e minimização da perda de água pela maior alocação de biomassa para o sistema radicular e redução da transpiração e, soma-se a isto as alterações nas concentrações foliares de pigmentos fotossintéticos como mecanismo de fotoproteção.
The objective of the present study was to assess the severity of water deficit in Jatropha curcas plants under different nitrogen doses. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with a 5 x 2 factorial [five doses of urea with 45% nitrogen (0; 300; 600; 900; 1200 mg per pot)] and two water supply levels, irrigated and water deficit, and four replications. The Jatropha curcas seeds were sown in 5 L pots with substrate consisting of oxisol, sand and manure at the ratio 3: 1: 0.5, respectively. The nitrogen was added as organic matter in the soil may have contributed to absence of interaction between the factors water deficit and nitrogen dose because it already supplied the minimum nitrogen for the plant metabolism. The nitrogen doses studied did not interfere in the water deficit severity in Jatropha curcas plants, but the plants presented tolerance to water deficit and used delayed dehydration as tolerance strategy. Jatropha curcas plant production in substrate containing red-yellow latossol, sand and manure at the ratio 3:1:0.5, respectively, and organic matter content similar or equal to 1.9% did not require nitrogen fertilization.
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