RESUMO -Avaliaram-se os valores de consumo de matéria seca (CMS) em situação de pastejo, obtidos por intermédio do cromo, em infusão contínua, na forma de óxido crômico, dosado uma (CR1x) ou duas vezes (CR2x) ao dia, e em sua forma mordantada (CRMord), aliado aos indicadores internos de digestibilidade: digestibilidade in vitro da MS (DIVMS), MS indigestível (MSi) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDNi) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDAi) indigestíveis. Foram utilizados cinco novilhos F1 Limousin x Nelore, fistulados no esôfago e rúmen, suplementados em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens. rumen and supplemented in pasture of Brachiaria decumbens, were used. A randomized blocks design, in split plit plot outline was used, in which the supplements were considered as main plot, the methodologies of chromium as split plots and internal markers as split split plots. Supplement effects were not observed on DMI. The use of CR1x methodology underestimated the fecal excretion and DMI (DMI of 2.11% of LW) compared to the methodologies CR2x and CRMord (3.11 and 2.93% LW) that presented better values for DMI, not differing to each other. Interactive effect was observed between supplement and markers, with no differences in the values supplied by the same marker in the different supplements. The IVDMD, the marker of larger precision, presented medium value for DMI of 3.16% LW, overestimating the intake of all supplements. The iDM and iNDF were constant among supplements (2.48 and 2.54% LW of DMI), not differing to each other, being recommended for studies with animals at pasture.The DMI estimated by iADF showed variable results among supplements; the intakes were, on average, by using iADF (2.72% LW) higher compared to iDM and iNDF and lower compared to IVDMD.

Test-day milk yield records of 11,023 first-parity Holstein cows were used to estimate genetic parameters for milk yield during different lactation periods. (Co)variance components were estimated using two random regression models, RRM1 and RRM2, and the restricted maximum likelihood method, compared by the likelihood ratio test. Additive genetic variances determined by RRM1 and additive genetic and permanent environmental variances estimated by RRM2 were described, using the Wilmink function. Residual variance was constant throughout lactation for the two models. The heritability estimates obtained by RRM1 (0.34 to 0.56) were higher than those obtained by RRM2 (0.15 to 0.31). Due to the high heritability estimates for milk yield throughout lactation and the negative genetic correlation between test-day yields during different lactation periods, the RRM1 model did not fit the data. Overall, genetic correlations between individual test days tended to decrease at the extremes of the lactation trajectory, showing values close to unity for adjacent test days. The inclusion of random regression coefficients to describe permanent environmental effects led to a more precise estimation of genetic and non-genetic effects that influence milk yield.

A model for analyzing test day records including both fixed and random coefficients was applied to the genetic evaluation of first lactation data for Holstein cows. Data comprising 87045 test-day milk yield records from calving between 1997 and 2001 from Holstein herds in 10 regions of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Six persistency of lactation measures were evaluated using breeding values obtained by random regression analyses. The Wilmink function was used to model the additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Residual variance was constant throughout lactation. Ranking for animals did not change among criteria for persistency measurements, but ranking changes were observed when the estimated breeding value (EBV) for persistency of lactation was contrasted with those estimated for 305-day milk yield (305MY). The rank correlation estimates for persistency of lactation and 305MY were practically the same for sire and cows, and ranged from -0.45 to 0.69. The EBVs for milk yield during lactation for sires producing daughters with superior 305MY indicate genetic differences between sires regarding their ability to transmit desirable persistency of lactation traits. This suggests that selection for total lactation milk yield does not identify sires or cows that are genetically superior in regard to persistency of lactation. Genetic evaluation for persistency of lactation is important for improving the efficiency of the milk production capacity of Holstein cows.

RESUMO -Foram utilizados 87.045 registros de produção de leite, na primeira lactação, de 11.023 vacas da raça Holandesa, obtidos nos anos de 1997 a 2001, em diferentes rebanhos distribuídos em dez núcleos do Estado de Minas Gerais. Foram avaliados seis tipos de mensuração da persistência na lactação utilizando-se os valores genéticos da produção de leite, obtidos por meio do modelo de regressão aleatória -MRA. Utilizou-se a função de Wilmink na descrição dos efeitos aleatórios e fixos, pelo MRA. As estimativas de herdabilidade e de correlação genética, para as várias mensurações da persistência na lactação, variaram em decorrência da definição da persistência. As estimativas de herdabilidade para persistência na lactação variaram de 0,11 a 0,27 e as estimativas de correlação genética entre as mensurações da persistência na lactação e produção de leite até 305 dias, de -0,31 a 0,55, indicando que a persistência na lactação é uma característica de moderada herdabilidade e pouco correlacionada com a produção de leite até 305 dias. A seleção de animais para persistência na lactação, com o objetivo de alterar a forma da curva de lactação, pode ser eficiente.Palavras-chave: correlação genética, herdabilidade, modelos de regressão aleatória, persistência na lactação, produção de leite no dia do controle, raça Holandesa Analysis of Persistency in the Lactation of Holstein Cows Using Test-Day Yield and Random Regression ModelABSTRACT -A total of 87,045 milk yield records of 11,023 first-parity Holstein cows was utilized, obtained from 1997 to 2001 from different herds of 10 Minas Gerais locations. Six types of persistency measures in lactation were evaluated using milk yield breeding values, obtained by means of Random Regression Model -RRM. The Wilmink function was used to describe the random and fixed effects by RRM. Heritability estimates and genetic correlations for various persistency measures in lactation were dependent on the definition of persistency. The heritability estimates for persistency in lactation ranged from 0.11 to 0.27 and the genetic variations among persistency measures in lactation and milk yield up to d 305 ranged from -0.31 to 0.55, showing that persistency in lactation is a trait of moderate heritability showing little correlation with milk yield up to d 305. The selection of animals for persistency in lactation aiming to alter the lactation curve may be effective.

Knowledge of genetic parameters is essential for improved reproductive management and increased yield. Quantitative analysis of genetic parameters is lacking for many breeds of buffaloes. This article provides the first estimate of genetic parameters for dual purpose (meat and milk) Brazilian Jaffarabadi buffaloes, using Bayesian inference. Data on milk yield (MY), lactation length (LL), weight at 205 days (W205) and 365 (W365) days of age, and average daily gain (ADG) from 205 to 365 days of age were collected in two herds. Bivariate analyses (using the program MTGSAM) were performed with the Gibbs sampler to obtain estimates of variance and covariance. Average lactation milk yield and lactation length were 1 620.2±450.9 kg and 257.6±46.8 days, respectively, and the mean values for weight traits (kg) were 181.6±63.3 (W205), 298.04±116.1 (W365), and 0.73±0.35 (ADG). Heritability estimates (modes) were 0.16 for MY, 0.10 for LL, 0.43 for W205, 0.48 for W365 and 0.32 for ADG. There was a high genetic correlation (0.96) between milk yield and lactation length and very high genetic correlations (0.99) between the three growth traits. Our data suggest that both milk production and growth traits have clear potential for yield improvement through direct selection in this dual purpose breed. The selection for weight at an early age would be successful and selection for MY can be performed in the first lactation.