The drying target is to reduce the moisture content and thereby increase the life time of products by limiting enzymatic and oxidative degradation. In addition, by reducing the amount of water, the percentages of active principles are increased in relation to the total mass. The aim of the current study was to determine the correct diffusion rate and activation energy by adapting the mathematical model according to the experimental data. Brazilian lemon-scented verbena leaves were harvested with a moisture content of around 85% wet basis (wb), and were then subjected to drying in a medicinal plant dryer at an air temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 ºC at 0.29±0.03 m.s -1 . Approximately 400 g of leaves at a layer thickness of 0.15m were used with three tests performed at each temperature. Several models of drying kinetics were adapted for use with the experimental data, including Henderson & Pabis, Henderson & modified Pabis, Lewis, Midilli et al., Page, Thompson and Wang & Singh. The adjusted determination coefficients (R 2 ), relative mean errors (P), estimated errors (SE) and residue distributions were all compared. The best models, which best represented the Brazilian lemon-scented verbena drying, were Midilli et al. and Page. The calculated effective diffusivity coefficients ranged from 2.91x10 -12 to 11.71 x 10 -12 m 2 .s -1 for the studied temperature range. The activation energy for the diffusion of water was 31.79 kJ.mol -1 .
Resumo: A palma pertencente à família das cactáceas, sendo de origem mexicana. No Nordeste brasileiro, o broto de palma faz parte da dieta alimentar da população de alguns municípios. Com isso objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita dos brotos de palma proveniente de diferentes cultivares. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Centro de Ciências e Humanas Sociais e Agrárias, Bananeiras, Paraíba, pertencente à Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Foram utilizados brotos das cultivares Gigante (Opuntia ficus indica Mill.), Redonda (Opuntia ficus indica L.), Orelha de Elefante (Opuntia tuna (L.) Mill.) e Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck). Os brotos foram colhidos em propriedades rurais às 6:00 horas e transportados ao laboratório, onde foram eliminados os acúleos e lavados. Realizou-se as análises em triplicata dos teores de ácido ascórbico (AA), de acidez titulável (AT) e de sólidos solúveis (SS), pH, umidade e condutividade elétrica. Os brotos de palma da variedade Gigante foram os que apresentaram as melhores características, atribuído ao maior conteúdo de ácido ascórbico e ao melhor equilíbrio entre os açúcares (SS) e os ácidos (AT).Palavras-chave: Ácido ascórbico; Cactácea; Caracterização. Abstract:The palm belongs to the family of cacti, and is of Mexican origin. In northeastern Brazil, palm bud part of the diet of the population in some municipalities. Therefore, we characterized the palm buds of different varieties produced in the Paraíba swamp region, as the chemical characteristics. The study was conducted at the Crnto de Ciências Humanas, Sociais e Agráricas, Bananeiras, Paraíba, belonging to the Universidade Federal da Paraiba. Were used buds of Giant varieties (Opuntia ficus indica Mill.), Round (Opuntia ficus indica L.), Elephant Ear (Opuntia tuna (L.) Mill.) And Tiny (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck). The shoots were harvested in farms at 6:00 am and transported to the laboratory where the thorns and washed were eliminated. We conducted the analysis in triplicate of ascorbic acid (AA) content, titratable acidity (TA) and soluble solids (SS), pH, humidity and electrical conductivity. It is concluded that the palm shoots of the variety Giant were those with the best features, attributed to higher content of ascorbic acid and the best balance between sugars (SS) and acid (TA).
An increase in drug use by adolescents can be observed, as well as the emergence of studies that show the Motivational Interview as a possible therapy for this population. This study aims to review information in the literature regarding the effectiveness of the Motivational Interview for use with adolescent users of alcohol and other drugs. An integrative review of national and international literature was conducted, using the keywords "motivational interviewing" and "adolescents", providing a total of 22 articles that were included in the analysis. The studies show that the motivational interview is a promising technique, evidencing a decrease in the pattern of drug use by the adolescents studied. This technique was shown to be efficient for use with adolescents, however, studies on this subject are very scarce and recent, suggesting the need for further research in this area. DESCRIPTORS:Adolescents. Motivation. Substance-related disorders. ESTRATÉGIAS E POSSIBILIDADES DA ENTREVISTA MOTIVACIONALNA ADOLESCÊNCIA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA RESUMO: Observa-se o aumento de uso de drogas por adolescentes e o surgimento de estudos que apresentam a Entrevista Motivacional como possibilidade terapêutica para esta população. Este estudo objetiva revisar na literatura informações acerca da eficácia da Entrevista Motivacional para uso com adolescentes usuários de álcool e outras drogas. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura nacional e internacional, utilizando-se os descritores motivational interviewing e adolescents, e foram incluídos na análise um total de 22 artigos. Estudos apontam a Entrevista Motivacional como técnica promissora, revelando diminuição do padrão de uso de drogas pelos adolescentes estudados. Esta técnica mostrou-se eficaz para uso com adolescentes, entretanto estudos sobre esta temática são muito recentes e escassos, o que sugere novas investigações. DESCRITORES:Adolescentes. Motivação. Transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias. ESTRATEGIAS Y POSIBILIDADES DE LA ENTREVISTA MOTIVACIONAL EN LA ADOLESCENCIA: REVISIÓN INTEGRADORA RESUMEN:Observamos un aumento en el consumo de drogas por los adolescentes y la aparición de estudios que muestran la Entrevista Motivacional como una posibilidad de tratamiento a esta población. Este estudio tiene como objetivo revisar la información en la literatura sobre la eficacia de la Entrevista Motivacional para el uso con los adolescentes que usan alcohol y otras drogas. Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura nacional y internacional, utilizando los descriptores motivational interviewing y adolescents, y un total de 22 artículos fueron incluidos en el análisis. Los estudios demuestran que la entrevista motivacional es una técnica prometedora, que muestra la disminución del patrón de consumo de drogas por los adolescentes estudiados. Esta técnica es eficiente para el uso con los adolescentes, pero los estudios sobre este tema son muy escasos y recientes, lo que sugiere una mayor investigación en esta área. DESCRIPTORES:Adolescentes. M...
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