No abstract

Abstract:Currently, nitrogen has become the main element of water pollution, causing riverine, lacustrine and coastal eutrophication. The continuous contamination of aquifers and the absence of planned water resource utilization, boost its scarcity, and has been the only way in which our societies become aware of the urgent need to process the generated wastewater. The objective of this research was to evaluate the nitrifying capacity of different autochthonous bacterial isolates from soils from nearby sources of domestic wastewater drainage. For this, bacteria were isolated from Pirro River, contaminated with nitrogen of domestic sewage. Nitrifying bacteria were counted by serial dilution and agar plates, and were isolated until obtaining axenic colonies. These were identified by biochemical batteries or genetic sequencing, and the quantification of their nitrifying capacity was obtained by the methods 4500-NH4 + -F and 4500-NO-2-B, all between September 26, 2011 and March 16, 2014. A total of seven strains of nitrifying microorganisms were isolated and purified, including four Streptomyces sp., one Pseudomonas putida, one Sphingomonas sp. and one Aeromonas sp. We found that there were 2.23 x 10 5 UFC/g of soil of ammonium oxidizing bacteria and 2.2 x 10 4 CFU/g of soil of nitrite oxidizing bacteria in the samples. The quantification of the nitrifying capacity of the strains by colorimetric methods, determined that the maximum ammonium removal capacity was 0.050 mg N/L/day and 0.903 mg N/L/day of nitrite. The collection of few strains of nitrifying organisms and a low CFU count, can be attributed to the technique used, since this only recovers 1 % of the microorganisms present in a sample, which, however, is acceptable for studies which main purpose is to obtain cultivable microorganisms. Future research should consider removal tests with higher ammonium and nitrite levels, to find the maximum capacity of the isolated microorganisms, and evaluate their potential use in wastewater treatment systems. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (4): 1527-1539. Epub 2017 December 01.

Con el objetivo de evaluar la posible afectación del emisario submarino en la ciudad de Limón, sobre el medio marino circundante, se establecieron 6 estaciones de muestreo, 4 de ellas cercanas a la zona de desfogue y 2 controles; en cada una se tomaron muestras de agua a 0 m y 10 m durante el 2012-2013 para medir nutrimentos, parámetros fisicoquímicos, concentración de microalgas y cantidad de unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) de Enterococcus. Se contrastó la abundancia algal entre las estaciones bajo influencia del emisario, sus controles y entre profundidades, con un análisis de similitud (ANOSIM); en los casos en que hubo diferencia significativa se procedió a realizar un análisis SIMPER para determinar las especies responsables. La abundancia fitoplanctónica se utilizó para jerarquizar la dominancia de especies mediante el diagrama de Olmstead y Tukey e incorporarlas en un análisis de correspondencia canónica. Se determinó que en la zona existe una marcada influencia de las lluvias sobre la concentración de los nutrimentos, silicato y ortofosfato, además de parámetros como el oxígeno disuelto y la salinidad. Las UFC se mantuvieron por debajo del límite máximo de 35 UFC/100 mL establecidos por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (USEPA). La diversidad fitoplanctónica fue alta y estuvo compuesta, principalmente, por especies cosmopolitas. Debido a que la concentración de nutrientes y UFC son bajas, junto con una alta diversidad algal, se concluye que no existe evidencia directa de un impacto negativo del emisario sobre la zona estudiada.