Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the ultrasound features of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and evaluate the likelihood of malignancy associated with each feature according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology and histopathology. With this analysis, we propose a new TI-RADS classification system. Materials and methods: The likelihood of malignancy from ultrasound features were assessed in 1413 thyroid nodules according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology and histopathological findings. A score was established by attributing different weights to each ultrasound feature evaluated. Results: Features positively associated with malignancy in bivariate analysis received a score weight of +1. We attributed a weight of +2 to features which were independently associated with malignancy in a multivariate analysis and +3 for those associated with the highest odds ratio for malignancy (> 10.0). Hence, hypoechogenicity (graded as mild, moderate or marked, according to a comparison with the overlying strap muscle), microcalcification and irregular/microlobulated margin received the highest weights in our scoring system. Features that were negatively associated with malignancy received weights of -2 or -1. In the proposed system a cutoff score of 2 (sensitivity 97.4% and specificity 51.6%) was adopted as a transition between probably benign (TI-RADS 3) and TI-RADS 4a nodules. Overall, the frequency of malignancy in thyroid nodules according to the categories was 1.0% for TI-RADS 3, 7.8% for TI-RADS 4a, 35.3% for TI-RADS 4b, and 84.7% for TI-RADS 5. Conclusion: A newly proposed TI-RADS classification adequately assessed the likelihood of malignancy in thyroid nodules. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2017;61(3):211-21.

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Objective: This study assessed whether or not a simple biochemical parameter, serum thyrotropin (TSH), within the reference range can predict the likelihood of thyroid malignancy in subjects undergoing fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for thyroid nodules. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 236 patients without overt thyroid dysfunction who were not on levothyroxine therapy. They underwent FNAB of the thyroid nodules at the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital between 2011 and 2012. The reference range and serum TSH quartiles were determined according to age-specific values for serum TSH and then compared between the cases with benign thyroid nodular disease and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) based on surgical pathology reports. Results: Of the 236 patients, 201 (85.1%) underwent a surgical procedure (thyroidectomy) and 89/236 (44.3%) had DTC. The mean TSH concentrations were 2.09 ± 1.15 mU/L in benign patients versus 2.73 ± 1.33 mU/L in cases of DTC (p < 0.01). As TSH increased from quartiles 1 to 4, the frequency of a malignant diagnosis also increased progressively from 22% in quartile 1 to 65% in the last quartile (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Thyrotropin levels were positively associated with the diagnosis of DTC in thyroid nodules.

, mainly because the contribution of NH 4 + (74%), indicating presence of domestic sewage. The DIN presented inverse relationship with salinity, meanwhile the chlorophyll showed direct relationship. The silicate and phosphate did not presented relationship with salinity. The water quality in the lower estuary was mainly driven by estuary-shelf exchanges, and presented poor horizontal mixing between estuarine and coastal waters.

Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) é uma espécie de siri nativa do Indo-Pacífico cuja distribuição tem sido ampliada pelo transporte de suas formas larvais em água de lastro. No continente americano há registros desde os Estados Unidos (Flórida) até o Brasil (Santa Catarina). A presença desta espécie no litoral brasileiro configura-se como ameaça às espécies de siris nativos, explotados pela pesca artesanal. Novos locais de ocorrência foram registrados no Estado de Santa Catarina: Praia do Côco, Balneário Camboriú (26°57'45,43" S, 48°37'31,96" W); Baía de Itapocoroy, Penha (26°46'53,49" S, 48°36'13,08" W); Praia de São Miguel, Penha (26°49,671' S, 48°36,75' W) e Praia da Pinheira, Palhoça (27°51'0,95" S, 48°35'7,24" W). Este último local é o registro mais meridional de ocorrência desta espécie no Continente Americano. Em relação à  biometria dos exemplares, destaca-se um macho coletado na Praia do Côco, que corresponde ao maior exemplar já registrado para esta espécie (82,0mm de largura da carapaça). Conclui-se que Charybdis hellerii apresenta ampla distribuição no litoral do Estado de Santa Catarina, sendo necessários estudos que avaliem os impactos causados por esta espécie sobre as comunidades biológicas.