Cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation for typical AFl can be safely and effectively performed with the AMIGO™. The learning curve seems to be short even for physicians with limited ablation experience.

Anatomical‐based approaches, targeting either pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) or additional extra PV regions, represent the most commonly used ablation treatments in symptomatic patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrences despite antiarrhythmic drug therapy. PVI remains the main anatomical target during catheter‐based AF ablation, with the aid of new technological advances as contact force monitoring to increase safety and effective radiofrequency (RF) lesions. Nowadays, cryoballoon ablation has also achieved the same level of scientific evidence in patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing PVI. In parallel, electrical isolation of extra PV targets has progressively increased, which is associated with a steady increase in complex cases undergoing ablation. Several atrial regions as the left atrial posterior wall, the vein of Marshall, the left atrial appendage, or the coronary sinus have been described in different series as locations potentially involved in AF initiation and maintenance. Targeting these regions may be challenging using conventional point‐by‐point RF delivery, which has opened new opportunities for coadjuvant alternatives as balloon ablation or selective ethanol injection. Although more extensive ablation may increase intraprocedural AF termination and freedom from arrhythmias during the follow‐up, some of the targets to achieve such outcomes are not exempt of potential severe complications. Here, we review and discuss current anatomical approaches and the main ablation technologies to target atrial regions associated with AF initiation and maintenance.

Catheter ablation remains the most effective and relatively minimally invasive therapy for rhythm control in patients with AF. Ablation has consistently shown a reduction of arrhythmia-related symptoms and significant improvement in patients’ quality of life compared with medical treatment. The ablation strategy relies on a well-established anatomical approach of effective pulmonary vein isolation. Additional anatomical targets have been reported with the aim of increasing procedure success in complex substrates. However, larger ablated areas with uncertainty of targeting relevant regions for AF initiation or maintenance are not exempt from the potential risk of complications and pro-arrhythmia. Recent developments in mapping tools and computational methods for advanced signal processing during AF have reported novel strategies to identify atrial regions associated with AF maintenance. These novel tools – although mainly limited to research series – represent a significant step forward towards the understanding of complex patterns of propagation during AF and the potential achievement of patient-tailored AF ablation strategies for the near future.

etnoteAtro como performAnce dA etnogrAfiA: estudo de cAso num grupo de teAtro universitário português Ricardo Seiça Salgado CRIA-IUL 1 O etnoteatro é uma forma alternativa da tradução e expressão cultural que relaciona etnografia e teatro. Como parte integrante de uma etnografia a um grupo de teatro universitário procura-se capturar o ethos que caracteriza os seus membros ao longo da sua história. A produção de um espetáculo em que o grupo se pensa a si próprio revela uma das formas em que o etnoteatro pode permitir a partilha de conhecimento que reforça um sentido de comunidade. A proposta de enquadramento do etnoteatro é feita através do pressuposto de que este pode ser igualmente objeto e método da etnografia.

This study confirms the high ability to distinguish AVNRT from ORT using the SA-VA difference, not only in selected patient subgroups, but as whole when a cut-off of >99 ms is used.