Electronic cigarettes. Can we recommend its use?Electronic cigarettes (Cig-e) ACTUALIZACIÓN Introducciónlos cigarrillos electrónicos (cig-e) son dispositivos que contienen un líquido que, al ser calentado, producen un aerosol (vapor) que es inhalado ("vapeado") por el usuario. los cig-e tienen cuatro partes: la batería, el elemento calentador, la cámara de vaporización y el cartucho de la solución, que es el que contiene el líquido que se convierte en el aerosol. el líquido contiene, en general, un solvente, que puede ser glicerina vegetal, propilenglicol o una mezcla de ellos, y uno o más saborizantes. la nicotina, si bien está presente en la mayoría de los líquidos de los cige, no es requisito. el proceso de generación del vapor del cig-e es completamente diferente al del humo del cigarrillo, el que es generado por combustión. en el cig-e, la activación del mecanismo de calentamiento se realiza gracias a un sensor que detecta cuando el usuario realiza un puff o "vapeo", el que activa una bobina electrónica que calienta y vaporiza el líquido, creando un humo de vapor visible [1][2][3][4] . en los últimos años, el uso de los cig-e ha aumentado rápidamente, especialmente entre los escolares y la gente joven 5.6 , habiéndose más que triplicado en adolescentes desde el año 2011 y duplicado entre el 2013 y 2014 en los adultos jóvenes 7 , sobrepasando al cigarrillo convencional el año 2014 en ee.uu.7 . existe en la actualidad un gran debate en cuanto a la seguridad y efectos sobre la salud con su uso a largo plazo, tanto del usuario como de los que están expuestos a este vapor, además de su potencial de adicción,

A randomized, prospective, double blind and placebo controlled study was designed to evaluate in 20 non smoker healthy adult volunteers the reproducibility and modification of cough threshold (CT) induced by capsaicin after placebo and Levodropropizine (a new synthetic drug). Adult volonteers of both sexes, mean age 34.9 years old (range: 18-57 years), inhaled increasing concentrations of capsaicin to determine the basal CT: log concentration of capsaicin that induced at least two consecutive coughs. The basal CT was 2.240 µM (± 0.060 SE), without differences by sex or age (p: ns), In 11 out of 18 subjects the CT increased from 2.358 (± 0,044 SE) on placebo to 2.469 µM (± 0.057) after Levodropropizine (p = 0.01). Two subjects were excluded due to intercurrent disease, not related to the study. No significant adverse reactions were reported during the study. Conclusion: Capsaicin induced reproducible controlled cough in 20 healthy volunteers and Levodropropizine given orally increased the cough threshold.

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In vitro immune responses to Bacillus Caimete Guerin (BCG) vaccination were studied in three month old infants vaccinated at birth which showed positive in: 16) or negative (n: 16) PPD skin reactions and in non vaccinated infants of the same age (n • 15) by specific PPD induced blastogenesis assay and non specific phytohemaglutinin (PHA) stimulation. In non vaccinated infants blastogenic responses (cpm) at PPD doses of 25, 50 and 100/Jg were slight {770 to 1 700 cpm), whereas among vaccinatec PPD positive infants corresponding values were 27925 ± 7 095, 34 297 ±8717 and 45 354 ± 8 453 cpm respectively fp < 0.001). In vaccinated infants showing negative PPD skin reactions, responses were similar to those seen among non vaccinated babies in ten cases, while the other six responded just like vaccinated children with positive PPD reaction (2 744 ± 7 145 cpm), but only under 100 jUg PPD doses (p > 0.05)-Stimulation indexes under PPD or BCG were in all similar. PHA response was 124945 ± 53 200 cpm in non vaccinated infants, 156 263 ± 43 540 in PPD non responder vaccinated subjects and 138 21 7 ± 22345 in PPD-positive vaccinated babies (p > 0-05). Stimulation indexes after supressor adherent cell elimination were lower in all studied groups but reached statistical significance only among vaccinated PPD non responders |p < 0.01). Serum concentration of IgG and IgiV antiPPD antibodies were similar among infants of all three groups and in pooled sera from blood bank's healthy donors, but significantly lower than in serum from patients with active tu bercu lous disease.