This article considers the validity and factorial invariance of an attitudinal measure of familism. Using a large, nationally representative sample of U.S. Hispanics, the validity and factorial invariance of the measure was tested across country of origin (United States, Mexico, and Latin America) and the language in which the survey was conducted (Spanish and English). Results support the invariance of the measure in both group comparisons, suggesting that the measure assesses a quality of familism that persists across country of origin and language preference. Further, the results also support equality in mean factor levels across these groups.

Summary Identification of key regulators of lipid metabolism and thermogenic functions has important therapeutic implications for the current obesity and diabetes epidemic. Here we show that Grb10, a newly identified direct substrate of mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is expressed highly in brown adipose tissue, and its expression in white adipose tissue is markedly induced by cold exposure. In adipocytes, mTOR-mediated phosphorylation at Ser501/503 switches the binding preference of Grb10 from the insulin receptor to raptor, leading to the dissociation of raptor from mTOR and down-regulation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Fat-specific disruption of Grb10 increased mTORC1 signaling in adipose tissues, suppressed lipolysis, and reduced thermogenic function. The effects of Grb10 deficiency on lipolysis and thermogenesis were diminished by rapamycin administration in vivo. Our study has uncovered a novel feedback mechanism regulating mTORC1 signaling in adipose tissues and identified Grb10 as a key regulator of adiposity, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure.

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Objective To compare voice outcomes of autogenous fat injection versus medialization laryngoplasty in patients with glottic insufficiency due to vocal fold paresis or atrophy. Methods A retrospective review was performed from 2009 to 2017 of all patients who underwent lipoinjection or medialization laryngoplasty (ML) for glottic insufficiency. Charts were reviewed for demographic information, preoperative diagnosis, surgical intervention, Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) and Glottal Function Index (GFI) scores, follow‐up time (minimum 3 months), and concomitant voice therapy. Results Eighty‐three patients were initially identified and limited to 28 based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Thirty‐five procedures were performed with a total of 15 fat injections and 20 MLs. The mean age was 60.7 years in the lipoinjection group and 55.6 years in the ML group. There was no significant difference in pretreatment VHI‐10 scores between the two groups. Using the lowest recorded voice scores during the follow‐up period, both groups had a significant decrease (P < 0.05) compared to preoperative scores (VHI‐10: fat decreased from 27.8 to 14.2, ML decreased from 30.5 to 9.1; GFI: fat decreased from 13.7 to 5.27, ML decreased from 13.6 to 4.6). When evaluating the entire follow‐up period (median 19 months in fat group, 16.3 months in ML), only the ML group maintained a significant improvement in VHI‐10 (median delta 14.5) and GFI (median delta 7) compared to preoperative scores. Conclusion Although both autogenous fat injection and ML result in improved voice scores in the short term, the effect of fat injection appears to be limited, as evidenced by worsening VHI‐10 and GFI scores over time. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 129:1164–1168, 2019