Recent advances in the understanding of the physiopathology of OAB have driven a huge amount of basic and clinical research into novel pharmacological compounds. Among potential novel peripherally acting drugs, β3-adrenoceptor (AR) agonists appear very promising [Sacco et al. 2008]. Mirabegron (also known as YM178) is a novel, once-daily orally active, first-in-class, potent β 3-AR agonist [Takasu et al. 2007]. Regulatory applications for mirabegron are under review in several countries. In July 2011, mirabegron was granted marketing approval in Japan and was launched in September 2011. In June 2012 FDA also approved mirabegron (Myrbetriq, Astellas Pharma US, Inc.). Thereafter we reviewed clinical data on the safety and efficacy of mirabegron by searching English language full papers and abstracts in MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, controlled-trials.

The ED in patients with end stage chronic kidney failure (CKF) continues to have a strong prevalence, either in the patients who are undergoing dialysis or in those who have received transplants. In literature this issue is not sufficiently considered if not at all. Hypotestosteronemia is a risk factor for the onset of ED in end stage CKF patients. A significantly lower prevalence of hypogonadism among dialyzed patents and transplant recipients suggests that renal transplantation may be protective for the sexual capabilities of these patients.

Thanks to its tolerability and safety/efficacy balance, mirabegron has potential to fill a need for new treatment options for OAB, and paves the way for further development of a completely new class of drugs aimed to treat this condition. However, the exact role of mirabegron in clinical practice has yet to be defined. Further studies are needed in order to clarify, together with post-launch information, critical safety issues and cost-effectiveness in head-to-head comparison with current standard treatments.

Background: To date, robotic surgery in urology is well established all over the world. The newest platform on the market is the HUGO™ RAS system, developed by Medtronic. In this paper we provide a brief description of the system and describe our system set-up and surgical approach with this new platform in our initial experience of robotic radical prostatectomy (RARP) series. Materials and methods: After an official training, seven consecutive patients affected by localized prostate cancer underwent RARP with HUGOTM RAS system at our Institution. A description of our surgical approach and docking setup is provided. Docking and console times were reported for all precedures together with main suggestions to facilitate the use of this new system at the beginning of the experience. Results: Our operating room setup has shown to be safe, effective, and easy replicable. During our series, operative times appeared to be easy reproducible and comparable to those obtained with daVinci system. No major system faults and conflicts between robotic arms were observed after the first procedure. Conclusions: Our surgical approach and system configuration for performing RARP with the new HUGO™ RAS system appears to be safe, efficient and easy reproducible.