Modern cars consist of a number of complex embedded and networked systems with steadily increasing requirements in terms of processing and communication resources. Novel automotive applications, such as automated driving, rise new needs and novel design challenges that cover a broad range of hardware/software engineering aspects. In this context, this paper provides an overview of the current technological challenges in onboard and networked automotive systems. This paper encompasses both the state-of-theart design strategies and the upcoming hardware/software solutions for the next generation of automotive systems, with a special focus on embedded and networked technologies. In particular, this paper surveys current solutions and future trends on models and languages for automotive software development, on-board computational platforms, in-car network architectures and communication protocols, and novel design strategies for cybersecurity and functional safety.

International audienceThis paper presents experimental results showing that a loudspeaker used as a suspended piston working outside its range of linearity can also be used as a nonlinear acoustic absorber. The main advantage of this technology of absorber is the perspective to adjust independently the device parameters (mass, nonlinear stiffness and damping) according to the operational conditions. To achieve this purpose, quasi-static and dynamic tests have been performed on three types of commercial devices (one with structural modifications), in order to define the constructive characteristics that it should present. An experimental setup has been developed using a one-dimensional acoustic linear system coupled through a box (acting as a weak spring) to a loudspeaker used as a suspended piston acting as an essentially nonlinear oscillator. The tests carried out on the whole vibro-acoustic system have showed the occurrence of the acoustic TET from the acoustic media to the suspended piston and demonstrated the efficiency of this new kind of absorber at low frequencies over a wide frequency range. Moreover, the experimental analyses conducted with different NES masses have confirmed that it is possible to optimize the noise absorption with respect to the excitation level of the acoustic resonator

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A complete four channel acquisition system for high resolution spectroscopy has been designed and realized. The analog section is composed of four semi-Gaussian shaping amplifiers with two software-selectable shaping times. The shaping times (150 and 450 ns) were chosen to perform either high rate or best resolution XRF measurements with state-of-the-art multielement silicon drift detector. The pulses’ amplitudes are caught by four largebandwidth peak-stretchers whose outputs are multiplexed into a single 10 MHz 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). A fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) operating at 24 MHz (or 48 MHz) clock frequency controls the whole process and stores the four spectra in the on-chip RAM, thus guaranteeing a maximum counting rate per bin of 332 kcps and an overall counting rate in excess of 4 Mcps. The system interfaces the host PC by means of the enhanced parallel port with a custom made control software for data visualization and analysis as in a conventional MCA system. If more than four channels have to be managed, various boards can be operated in parallel on the same EPP bus