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Lasers are the direct application of light energy with biomodulatory capacity on body cells. Photo acceptors (cytochrome c oxidase) can absorb low level lasers irradiation and transfer it inside mitochondria in order to provide cell energy (ATP) which is the product cytochrome c oxidase and Krebs cycle. In final the stimulation of ATP synthesis results in increased cell activity. Biomodulatory effects of low level laser therapy comprise the following: macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and keratinocytes proliferation; increase ATP synthesis and cell respiration, growth factors and other cytokines release, change of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts; change in inflammatory mediators level (histamine and prostaglandins); increase in oxygen transport and improve in glucose consumption; changes in cell membrane potential and permeability, sodium/potassium pump excitation and more calcium removal, vasodilatation , angiogenesis & collagen synthesis. 5

Kidney transplant patients (KTPs) have a potential tendency to develop oral lesions due to the administration of immunosuppressive drugs, but their prevalence is still obscure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the oral clinical findings in a group of renal transplant patients in comparison with ageand sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Three hundred KTPs who underwent transplantation at least six months earlier and 296 HCs were examined clinically for the presence of any oral lesions. Demographic and additional details regarding medications, systemic diseases and duration after transplantation were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, with significance set at P <0.05. The prevalence of oral lesions in KTPs was 56.8% as compared with 29.7% in HCs. The most common lesion observed in KTPs was gingival overgrowth (21.8%), followed by candidiasis (17.1%). Coated tongue (15.9%), followed by leukoplakia (11.3%), were common in HCs. Both gingival hyperplasia and coated tongue were significantly related to poor oral hygiene (P <0.05), but were not significantly related to the immunosuppressive therapy (P >0.05). The findings of the present study indicate the need for a routine and regular oral health check-up, with emphasis on maintenance of oral hygiene for renal transplant patients.

Introduction: Spindle cell neoplasms of oral cavity are rare and aggressive pathological entity having epithelial, mesenchymal and odontogenic components. Being very difficult to diagnose in routine investigations these neoplasms can be diagnosed from immunohistochemistry. Management includes combination of surgery and radiotherapy. Case report: This article aims to report a case of the spindle cell neoplasm of the oral cavity in a 50 year old female with emphasis on histopathology. Conclusion: Appropriate diagnosis is indispensable for formulating correct treatment plan in order to minimize postoperative morbidity and mortality.