JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Linguistic Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Language. The Unilversitjv of A 1rizonaThis paper provides an analysis of the syntax of Straits Salish, according to which these languages lack a noun/verb contrast at the word level. Main clauses consist of an initial predicate, minimally containing a lexical root, a functional head where valence I ? TRIANSITIVE] is marked, and possibly a pronominal suffix marking an internal argument. The predicate is followed by a second position clitic string of inflectional elements, the subject pronoun and tense. Determiner phrases are derived subordinate structures, adjuncts to the main clause. We present evidence against a copular verb analysis as further substantiation of the lack of a noun/verb distinction at the lexical level. We identify certain properties of quantified contexts in Straits Salish which provide important evidence for our analysis of argument structure.* INTRODUCTION. The languages of the Northwest Coast area of NorthAmerica provide important data for the investigation of lexical categories and X-bar structure in universal grammar. These languages share a number of phonological and syntactic features; the extent to which the distribution of these features represents areal diffusion or remote genetic connections is still unclear. The largest language family in the Northwest is Salish, which in pre-Columbian times extended from Canada into Oregon, and eastward into Montana; the Tsimshian and Wakashan language families of the area are comparatively much smaller. Beginning with Boas 1911 and Sapir 1911, linguists working on the languages of this area have questioned whether they show a contrast between NOUN and VERB as lexical categories, or perhaps have only a 'weak' contrast of this kind. Kuipers 1968 drew attention to how the feature of transitivity bears on the problem. Among those arguing that these languages lack a noun/verb contrast at the word level are Hukari and two anonymous Linnanguae reviewers for their help at various stages in this work. We are particularly grateful to Mark Baker for extensive and very helpful criticism. We are greatly indebted to the publications of Tim Montler on Saanich, and to the work of Aert Kuipers on transitivity in Squamish. Errors are our own responsibility. We also want to record our gratitude to the late Elizabeth Bowman, who shared many hours of fieldwork. We are grateful to the late Al Charles and Victor Underwood, and to Lena Daniels and Agatha McClosky for their patient help with Salish.

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The fifth edition has been thoroughly revised. Revisions include, but are not limited to, the addition of "selected readings" sections, updated examples, new discussion on the creative nature of neologisms, and the use of IPA as the primary transcription system throughout. This edition also includes an account of the patterns of occurrence of reduced vowels in English. An understanding of these patterns enables the reader to write a phonemic transcription of any English word.