The electrochemical stability of copper substrate was studied in three different lithium-ion battery electrolytes. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the oxidation-reduction behavior of copper in these electrolyte solutions. The reduction of electrolyte and its effect on the oxidation of copper was also studied. Bulk electrolysis was used to quantitatively study the dissolution of copper in dry electrolytes and in electrolytes doped with impurities of H 2 O or HF. The stability of copper was closely related to the composition of the electrolytes. Impurities dramatically increased the oxidation tendency of copper.

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This paper begins with an overview of system requirements and design issues that must be considered in the design of algorithms and software for the surveillance and tracking of ballistic missile launches. Detection and tracking algorithms and approaches are then described for the processing of data from a single satellite and from multiple satellites. We cover track formation, missile detection, track extension, and global arbitration, and indicate how these functions fit together coherently.