A low-cost antiviolence intervention that does not focus on individual pathology or interfere with the educational process may improve the learning environment in elementary schools.

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S ABSTRACTThe Fertility Effect of Catastrophe: U.S. Hurricane Births * For years, anecdotal evidence has suggested increased fertility rates resulting from catastrophic events in an area. In this paper, we measure this fertility effect using storm advisory data and fertility data for the Atlantic and Gulf Coast counties of the United States. We find that low-severity storm advisories are associated with a positive and significant fertility effect and that high-severity advisories have a significant negative fertility effect. As the type of advisory goes from least severe to most severe, the fertility effect of the specific advisory type decreases monotonically from positive to negative. We also find that most of the changes in fertility resulting from storm advisories come from couples who have had at least one child already. In addition to our short-term effect estimation, we also test the effects of storm advisories on long run fertility. Our results provide weak evidence at most that the highest severity storm advisories have a permanent negative fertility effect.

This paper introduces MARTIN -the Reserve Bank of Australia's (RBA) current model of the Australian economy. MARTIN is an economy-wide model used to produce forecasts and conduct counterfactual scenario analysis. In contrast to other large-scale models used at the RBA -and at many other central banks -which adhere to a narrow theoretical view of how the economy operates, MARTIN is a macroeconometric model that consists of a system of reduced form equations built to strike a balance between theoretical rigour and empirical realism. Most of the model's equations align closely with the way RBA staff typically interpret the behaviour of individual economic variables. However, combining these individual equations in a system can bring fresh insights that are not possible without model-based analysis. In the paper we provide an overview of the model, outline its core behavioural equations and describe its empirical properties. The Online Appendix presents the full set of model equations.JEL Classification Numbers: C32, C53, E10, E17, E47

Two rheumatic syndromes associated with deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in soft tissues of the shoulder have prompted us to study the cellular mechanisms of calcium phosphate crystal solubilization. Synthetic 45Ca labeled calcium phosphate crystal aggregates were solubilized by cultured human fibroblasts or monocytes. Such solubilization required crystal cell contact and was inhibited by chloroquine and ammonium. We hypothesize that the mechanism of crystal solubilization involves phagocytosis followed by dissolution in the acidic environment of secondary lysosomes. Study of the mechanism of calcium phosphate solubilization may be important in understanding resorption of extra-osseus as well as osseus calcification. Intracellular release of calcium from calcium phosphate crystals may also explain our previous observation that hydroxyapatite and other calcium-containing crystals are mitogenic stimuli for fibroblasts and synovial cells.

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