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The levels of airborne contamination in various areas of two hospitals were determined during a 15-month sampling period, using Casella and Andersen volumetric samplers. Based on nearly 5,000 samples, the mean count per ft3 ranged from 4.5 in obstetric-gynecology delivery rooms to 72.4 in waste-handling areas. The mean count for the entire hospital environment was on the order of 20 contaminants per ft3; 48 % were associated with particles >5 u diam, 30 % with particles between 2 and 6 A diam, and 22 7c with particles <2 4 diam. The airborne contamination was influenced by traffic, activity, ventilation considerations, and gross surface contamination, but not markedly by seasonal changes. When suitable control measures were implemented, the level of contamination could be diminished and kept low.

This paper raises the issue of what kind of monitoring system can serve the learning needs of livelihood improvement projects which follow a process approach. It is concerned, in particular, with monitoring not only achievement of planned project outputs, but also with higher level project impacts normally needed to achieve project purpose or goal. A simple and rapid method to track the livelihood asset status at the household level is introduced. It is based on local perceptions and converts qualitative judgement to quantitative analytical data. Some initial field results are discussed along with problems, possible solutions, points for best practice and further research possibilities.

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