Abstract:Background: Data on the efficacy and safety of non-invasive Pelvic Circumferential Compression Devices (PCCDs) is limited. Tissue damage may occur if a continuous pressure on the skin exceeding 9.3 kPa is sustained for more than two or three hours. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the pressure build-up at the interface, by measuring the PCCD-induced pressure when applying pulling forces to three different PCCDs (Pelvic Binder ® , SAMSling ® and T-POD ® ) in a simplified model. Methods:The resulting exerted pressures were measured at four 'anatomical' locations (right, left, posterior and anterior) in a model using a pressure measurement system consisting of pressure cuffs. Results:The exerted pressure varied substantially between the locations as well as between the PCCDs. Maximum pressures ranged from 18.9-23.3 kPa and from 19.2-27.5 kPa at the right location and left location, respectively. Pressures at the posterior location stayed below 18 kPa. At the anterior location pressures varied markedly between the different PCCDs. Conclusion:The circumferential compression by the different PCCDs showed high pressures measured at the four locations using a simplified model. Difference in design and functional characteristics of the PCCDs resulted in different pressure build-up at the four locations. When following the manufacturer's instructions, the exerted pressure of all three PCCDs tested exceeded the tissue damaging level (9.3 kPa). In case of prolonged use in a clinical situation this might put patients at risk for developing tissue damage.

Personalization, the involvement of stakeholders in the design process, is often applied in serious game design for health. It is expected to enhance the alignment of a game to the preferences and capacities of the end-user, thereby increasing the end-user’s motivation to interact with the game, which finally might enhance the aimed-for health effects of the game. However, the nature and effect of personalization have never been systematically studied, making assumptions regarding personalization ungrounded. In this literature review, we firstly provide a proposal of our Personalized Design Process-model, where personalization is defined as stakeholder involvement in the Problem Definition-, Product Design- and/or Tailoring Phase. Secondly, we conducted a systematic literature review on this model, focusing on health and its effects. In this review, 62 of the 2579 found studies were included. Analysis showed that a minority of the studies were of methodologically higher quality and some of these tested the health effect by contrasting tailored versus non-tailored games. Most studies involved stakeholders in the Tailoring Design Phase. Therefore, we conclude that involving stakeholders in the Tailoring Phase is valuable. However, to know if personalization is effective in the Product Design- and the Problem Definition Phase, more studies are needed.

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In product design, human body measurements are essential when it comes to products that need to fit the contour of the human body in order to be effective. When designing these products, designers must integrate anthropometric dimensions in their design process to optimize the usability and functioning of the product. In spite of the wide variety of available anthropometric tools, designers most commonly use traditional (1D) anthropometric information when designing and evaluating products. This does not always offer the detailed information of the human body shape required to develop a product with an optimal fit. This is especially the case for medical products such as respirators and orthesis, but also in consumer products, such as helmets and protective glasses. 3D anthropometry however, creates a significant opportunity for designers by offering detailed information regarding the shape of the human body. Advances in 3D imaging technologies have reinforced these possibilities in the field of anthropometry. With the use of these technologies, it is possible to capture a complete 3D image of the whole body in a matter of seconds, making the measurement process less invasive and therefor more suitable for populations that are difficult to measure with traditional means like children, elderly and physically impaired persons. The objective of this study is to map the variation of children's heads and faces and to define a new way to present this 3D anthropometric data so that it is tailored for use in design. For the first stage of this study, an anthropometric survey was conducted, whereby the heads and faces of children between the ages of 0.5 to 7 years old were analysed. Around 300 boys and girls were measured combining traditional anthropometric measurements with measurements derived from 3D images. All subjects were photographed using a digital three-dimensional photogrammetry system (3dMD Face imaging system). This paper presents the preliminary 3D data set of the heads and faces of children aged 0.5-7 years for design applications and shows the summary statistics for some of the traditional anthropometric measurements.

Real-time selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry to assess short and long term variability in oral and nasal breathSlingers G (1,2,3), Goossens R (2), Janssens H (2), Spruyt M (2), Goelen E (2), Vanden Eede M (2,4), Raes M (1,3), Koppen G (2)