The incidence rate of treated end-stage renal disease in the united states is 180 per million and continues to rise at a rate of 7.8% per year. Arteriovenous hemodialysis access (AV access) creation and maintenance are two of the most difficult issues associated with the management of patients on hemodialysis. The 1-year complication rate of a primary prosthetic AV access for hemodialysis ranges from 33% to 99%. Various investigators report on patency and complications of AV access. However, it is rather difficult to compare outcomes because of the wide variety of access materials, configurations, locations, risk factors, and quality of inflow and outflow vessels. Although there have been reporting standards for dialysis access endovascular interventions and for central venous access placement, standards regarding surgical access placement and its revision are lacking. The "Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative," published by the National Kidney Foundation, provides recommendations for optimal clinical practices aimed at improving dialysis outcome and patient survival. This reporting standards document is not meant to be a "practice guidelines" or "best practices" document. Rather, the purpose of this document is to provide standardized definitions related to AV access procedures and to recommend reporting standards for patency and complications, to be used by surgeons, nephrologists, and interventional radiologists, that will permit meaningful comparisons among AV access procedures. The terms, definitions, and categories featured in this article have been approved by the Committee on Reporting Standards of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Association for Vascular Surgery and should be observed in preparing manuscripts on AV accesses for submission to the Journal Of Vascular Surgery.
High tumor grade and tumor size ≥ 5 cm predict adverse DSS for MPNST. In the context of a multidisciplinary treatment regimen, local recurrence and survival outcomes at 5 and 10 years were better than previously reported for MPNST.
Gastrointestinal metastasis occurred more often in patients with invasive lobular carcinoma. Surgical intervention did not significantly extend overall survival but may be considered in a select group of patients.
The majority of patients were overprescribed opioids. Significant prescribing variation exists that was not explained by patient factors. These data will guide practices to optimize opioid prescribing after surgery.
The average lifetime risk of breast cancer for a woman in the United States has been estimated at 12.3% (ie, 1 in 8 women). 1 For 2018, the American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 63,960 cases of female carcinoma in situ of the breast and 268,670 cases of invasive breast cancer (266,120 women and 2,550 men) will be diagnosed in the United States. 2 About 41,400 deaths are estimated for 2018. 3 The good news is that death rates have been falling on average NCCN
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