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Industrial petrochemical facilities have predominantly used high-intensity discharge light sources and installation practices unchanged for several decades. Today, new lightemitting diode (LED)-based products are being developed, and there appear to be many advantages to this technology; however, caution is advised in its application. This paper examines LED lighting technology, standards, and available products along with design and application considerations. Moreover, presented are case studies of LED luminaire retrofits in existing facilities. This paper discusses the results of the studies as they relate to safety, environment impacts, capital and operating costs, design implications, and installation improvements.Index Terms-Color rendering index (CRI), environment, high-intensity discharge (HID), high-pressure sodium (HPS), light-emitting diode (LED), lighting, maintenance, safety.

This paper will demonstrate that an improved understanding of the industrial lighting environment, and the tasks that workers have to perform in these environments, may improve safety and health performance. It will show how Occupational Health & Safety and the Illumination Engineering Society (IES) safe lighting conditions and standards are often misinterpreted or ignored and the effects this may have. The paper will describe how industrial lighting systems are designed and built and maintained. Statistical data from actual work sites will be discussed to illustrate the issues associated with poor lighting. Safety issues with regard to maintaining lighting systems will also be explored. A case study involving many of the above elements will be outlined. Conclusions and recommendations will be presented to further the understanding of industrial lighting and safety.

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