Reports results of an immediate-reinforcement vs a delayed-reinforcement exercise in teaching counselors-in-training a basic interview skill (open-end leads). 30 state employment service interviews involved in a 2-yr paraprofessional training program served as Ss. 3 dependent variables were used as criterion measures: number of open-end leads used, percentage of client talk time, and average length of client response. Pre- and posttest measures of the dependent variables were taken from 20-min interviews utilizing role-playing clients. An analysis of variance and a post hoc analysis revealed significant differences in 2 of the dependent variables, number of open-end leads was not significant.

Counseling theories applied in initial clinical training courses (practicum) influence the counselors-in-training's future practice of counseling. Results of this study indicated that humanistic models are influential in current counseling practicum courses and will maintain a strong influence in the future.

This study found a significant correlation between counselor effectiveness and negative perceptions of early childhood family influence.

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