Introduction: Protected Forest is a forest area that has a variety of vital ecosystem services for the welfare and resilience of society and the economy in the future. Excessive use of forests by humans without regard to the ecological balance can cause havoc for humans themselves, and require economic and social costs that are far greater than the economic results that have been obtained. Often people who live and make a living around the forest are accused of being one of the causes of forest destruction, but also the people who live around the forest are also expected to be the main actors for efforts to protect the forest itself.Purposes of the Research: to understand the protection and utilization of protected forests in Ambon City and to determine the form of policy by the Ambon City Government in protecting and utilizing protected forests in Ambon City from the perspective of Environmental Law.Methods of the Research: The research method uses the Social Legal Research method with a legal, conceptual, and case approach.Results / Findings / Novelty of the Research: The protection and utilization of protected forests in Ambon city has not explicitly been regulated in the form of regional regulations on protected forests. The use of protected forests is still carried out by indigenous peoples and forest rights holders. This shows that the policy regarding the protection and utilization of protected forest areas has not been maximized in the city of Ambon, which will greatly impact all aspects of human life and other habitats.

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The border region is a very strategic area for security, social and economic stability, both the border communities and all citizens in a country. The border region in Indonesia too. Indonesia's vast border region requires effective and accountable border management policies from social, economic and security aspects. The use of oil and gas in international law studies is contained in the legal instruments of the United Nations General

Introduction: Civil protection in Papua Province from Armed Criminal Groups (KKB) must be a serious concern, considering the cruel actions carried out by the KKB starting from shootings, persecution, arson and various other forms of crime that have caused casualties and property that have continued since to year.Purposes of the Research: to know the regulation of non-international armed conflict and how to protect the civilian population from KKB in Papua Province. Methods of the Research: This legal research, the author uses normative research. That is, a study that primarily examines positive legal provisions, legal principles, and legal doctrines to answer legal questions faced.Results of the Research: The results show that the regulation of non-international armed conflicts can be found in the Geneva Convention of 1949 article 3 regarding armed conflicts that are not international in nature in which one of the major participants is required to comply with the provisions regarding protected persons in the event that they are not actively engaged in hostilities. Furthermore, regarding the protection of the civilian population in Papua Province based on a review of humanitarian law so far it cannot be applied, because the conflict conditions in Papua Province cannot yet be categorized as non-international conflicts, but are classified as situations of domestic security disturbances or internal disturbances and tensions. Thus national law and international human rights law apply.

Introduction: Population transfer or displacement is the movement of a large group of people from one area to another, In armed conflict it is often a form of forced migration carried out by state policy or international authorities and most often on ethnic or religious grounds.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the regulations prohibiting the forcible transfer of civilians in International Humanitarian Law. To know and analyze the legal impact of forcible transfer of civilians in International Humanitarian Law. Methods of the Research: The research method used in this research is normative juridical. This type of research is descriptive analytical. The sources and legal materials used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials through literature studies which are then processed and analyzed qualitatively.Results of the Research: The results show that the transfer of civilians in armed conflict to be used as hostages or for the purpose of winning the war at the expense of the civilian population as a living shield is a form of forced migration that is prohibited either by expulsion or other coercive actions from the area where they live without being given a reason permitted by international law. The word coercion here is not limited to physical coercion, but can include threats of violence or psychological pressure (8 paragraph (2) letters (a) and (b) of the Rome Statute and Geneva Convention IV on the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War). Forced population transfer or migration carried out by the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) to make civilians as hostages and shields in the non-international armed conflict in the Philippines.