Globally, the transport sector is responsible for the emission of 30% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) which are the main reason behind the change in the climate and accelerated warming of the globe. This research estimated the emission of GHGs from vehicles in Bayero University, Kano and also established the pattern of vehicular GHG emissions on the campus taking into consideration the peculiarities of the transport systems on Nigerian university campuses. Data for the study were collected by issuing out questionnaires to residents of the campus and then manually enumerating the number and types of vehicles entering the campus through its main entrance. Using standard guidelines for estimation of emission of GHGs, the campus' vehicular carbon footprint was estimated and its pattern of emission established. It was found that the total annual vehicular GHGs emission for the campus is 2,360.22tCO 2 e, with motorcycles, sedans, buses, tricycles and trucks having 21.2%, 43.2%, 30.5%, 2% and 2.2% share of the emission respectively. Scenarios for reduction of emission on the campus were simulated, it was found that the use of bicycles in place of motorcycles and compressed natural gas buses in place of the conventional diesel and petrol powered ones have a potential of reducing emissions on the campus by 21% and 26% respectively. It was suggested that measures to curtail usage of private cars and motorcycles on the campus be introduced so as to make the transport sector sustainable and set the campus on the path to carbon neutrality.

There has been an increase in the general spending and consumption habit of people, the consequence of which is an increase in the quantity of municipal solid wastes (MSW) being generated particularly in urban areas. Yola, the capital of Adamawa State in the northeast region of Nigeria an urban area also has its share of problems associated with solid wastes management. In addition, the city like most other cities in Nigeria experiences inadequate electricity supply. Hence the need for this research - to assess the technical and economic potentials of recovering energy from the MSW generated in Yola using incineration as the technology of choice. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) method (ASTM D5231) was used to sample and characterise the waste disposed of in the city’s dumpsites. It was found that the average calorific value of the MSW disposed of in the city’s dumpsite is 1,515.67 kcal/kg. It was also found that if incineration is used as the preferred waste-to-energy technology, a total of 3,748.60 kW of electrical energy could be recovered from the three dumpsites studied. The economic analysis conducted showed that energy recovery via incineration has an average internal rate of return (IRR) of 252%. The following conclusions were drawn from the results obtained: The quantity and composition of MSW disposed of at dumpsites in Yola is suitable for energy generation via incineration; from an economic perspective, incineration of MSW is a viable waste-to-energy technology for Yola.

Polypropylene (PP) as thermoplastic has found use in the production of a variety of items due to its cheapness which is related to its ease of production. However, its usage is limited due to limitations inherent in its mechanical properties. On the other hand, the production of biosilica (BS) from rice husk ash is a relatively easy process and a cheap source for silica. This, therefore, makes the possibility of production of polypropylene-biosilica composite to further reduce the cost of PP and increase its wide range of applications a field of research. This research developed PP-BS composites with varying compositions of BS and tested their mechanical properties. The mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, toughness and hardness were experimentally determined using ASTM standard test methods. It was found that the addition of BS to PP does not significantly change its ultimate tensile strength. It was also found that the addition of biosilica to PP causes an average rise in other mechanical properties of the PP matrix-like Young’s Modulus and Flexural Modulus. Whereas, for other mechanical properties such as toughness and hardness, the addition of biosilica to the PP matrix caused an average decrease in these properties.

The solid waste management (SWM) sector is responsible for the emission of about 5% of all global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In developing countries where the sector is less organised, the carbon footprint of the sector is much higher, so also is the potential for reducing these emissions. This study assessed the potential for reducing the GHGs emission from the SWM sector in northeastern Nigeria. Based on literature study, it was found that open dumping in dumpsites and unsanitary landfills is a solid waste disposal method in the region. It was estimated that 350,822.80 tonnes of MSW is disposed of in dumpsites annually, and anaerobically decomposes 403373.25 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) into the atmosphere. However, when an integrated solid waste management (ISWM) system, which comprises composting of organic materials, recycling of paper, glass and metals and incineration of garbage, is employed, a reduction in the region's SWM carbon footprint of up to 99.5% is attainable. It was also found that composting is the ISWM element with the highest carbon sink potential, this is because of the high organic matter in the region's wastes. The study suggests public-private partnership so as to be able to reform the SWM sector in the region and make it more sustainable.

The use of fossil fuels in IC engines in vehicles and industries has been identified as the leading cause of pollution, especially in urban areas where the traffic is usually heavy and industries are situated. In addition to air pollution which has its attendant health risks, the emission of greenhouse gases from the combustion of fossil fuels has been identified as one of the leading causes of climate change. The aforementioned reasons coupled with the fact that fossil fuels are exhaustible resources have necessitated the search for alternative eco-friendlier and sustainable fuels. The utilization of agricultural waste such as (mango and orange) peels to produce bioethanol proves to be a better alternative than the use of food crops. In this research, enzymatic scarification of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used to produce bioethanol from samples of mango and orange peels and their properties were compared with those of standard pure (98%) anhydrous ethanol. ASTM standards were used as comparative measures of the fuel properties that derived from bioethanol. It was found that the bioethanol concentration for the two samples were 19.98% for sample A and 19.17% for sample B and the results also show a good agreement as analysed by (ANOVA).