In the conventional classroom, many obstacles hinder interaction between an instructor and students, such as limited class hours, fixed seating, and inadequate time for meetings after class. This work develops a novel multimedia mobile classroom feedback system (MMCFS) that instantly displays students' responses, such as class-related questions or answers to questions on a quiz, on the instructor's computer. This system reinforces interaction between instructors and students and improves learning efficiency. Its features are as follows: 1) automatic attendance checking; 2) in-class real-time evaluation; 3) improved willingness of students to raise questions; 4) immediate grade enquiring; 5) cross-platform functionality; 6) a virtual mobile classroom; 7) data integrity; 8) low construction cost; 9) group learning; and 10) learning process recording. This system uses a client-server and three-tiered architecture models as its framework. When a class is in progress, the instructor only requires a notebook computer with a web browser, while students need a mobile phone or equivalent mobile devices with built-in Java Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME) and wireless support. A web server and the rear-end database can be located outside the classroom when network connections are available. Attendance checking, conducting quizzes, instant question inquiring, and grade inquiring are the four primary functions of the system. A questionnaire is applied to evaluate system's interactivity, mobility, and functionality. The 105 subjects comprised two classes of undergraduate students. The questionnaire addresses interactivity, mobility, and functionality. Its purpose was to compare the proposed system and the interactive response system (IRS). Experimental results show that the proposed system has superior interactivity, mobility, and functionality. O.C. He received his Ph. D. degree in production and operations management (Area of Information Systems and Qualitative Sciences) at Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, U.S.A. His researches include m-commerce, quality management, innovation and diffusion of information systems, and knowledge management.

Adoption of innovative products such as smartphones may be due to a mixture of experienced considerations and psychological perceptions. By synthesising adoption theories through reinforcement of the role of conformity. This study explores user intention to adopt innovative smartphones in the Taiwan telecommunication market. The survey data is analysed using structural equation modelling which is based on the constructs of ease of use, compatibility, and relative advantage, analysis results indicate that informational conformity and normative conformity are positively related to the intention to use smartphones. Additionally, early adopters and early majority users have a higher likelihood of conformity driven by informational influence, while the late majority users display a higher tendency towards normative conformity. The results of this study significantly contribute to efforts of Elucidating the role of conformity in innovative smartphones 57 mobile communication operators to anticipate and predict a customer's intention to adopt smartphones, thus provides further insight into the development of marketing strategies for smartphones.