Camera networks become smart when they can interpret video data on board, in order to carry out tasks as a collective, such as target tracking and (re-)identification of objects of interest. Unlike today's deployments, which are mainly restricted to lab settings and highly controlled high-value applications, future smart camera networks will be messy and unpredictable. They will operate on a vast scale, drawing on mobile resources connected in networks structured in complex and changing ways. They will comprise heterogeneous and decentralised aggregations of visual sensors, which will come together in temporary alliances, in unforeseen and rapidly unfolding scenarios. The potential to include and harness citizen-contributed mobile streaming, body-worn video, and robotmounted cameras, alongside more traditional fixed or PTZ cameras, and supported by other non-visual sensors, leads to a number of difficult and important challenges. In this position paper, we discuss a variety of potential uses for such complex smart camera networks, and some of the challenges that arise when staying smart in the presence of such complexity. We present a general discussion on the challenges of heterogeneity, coordination, self-reconfigurability, mobility, and collaboration in camera networks. KEYWORDSfuture camera networks, surveillance, mobile smart cameras, body worn cameras, humans in the loop, distributed control ACM Reference format: