Osteosarcoma is the most frequent bone tumor that predominantly targets the adolescent aged between 10-25 years. In the veterinary oncology, osteosarcoma accounts 80-95% of the bone tumors diagnosed in dogs. Humans and dogs share several similarities in regard to the physiological and molecular aspects of osteosarcoma development. For this reason dogs have been used as a homologous model to human, which have been showed promising in vitro results. Herein, from implanted tumor in nude mice we analyzed the effects of a combination of stem cells from canine bone marrow and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) on the treatment of osteosarcoma. The results showed that this combination changed the expression of markers of cell death, leading to an increase of caspase 3 expression, and decreased of Bcl-2 expression, as well as decreased in cell proliferation (Ki-67 and p53) and receptor of angiogenesis pathways (CD34, COX-2, IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF). The tumor environment was modified by decreased expression of CD4 + CD25 + resulting in increased CD8 + cytotoxic. In conclusion, these data showed that the treatment using the combination of stem cells from canine bone marrow and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) emerges as a potential therapeutic tool for the osteosarcoma treatment.

Paiche ( Arapaima gigas) belongs to the Kingdom Animalia , Phylum Chordata , Class Actinopterygii , Order Osteoglossiformes, Family Arapaimidae, Genus Arapaima, and its origin may date to the Jurassic period. The species has natural habitat in the Amazonian rivers, found mainly in marginal lakes, being considered an important fishing resource, with high market value and high demand for meat and leather in both Brazilian and international trade. This study aims to describe the morphology of the esophagus and stomach by light microscopy and scanning electronics microscopy. The esophagus was presented as muscular, short, tubular and fan-shaped in the cranial portion, also presenting deep longitudinal folds, and the entire mucosa is covered by mucus secretory cells with distinct morphological characteristics. Pirarurcu’s stomach has a J-shape divided into three regions: cardiac with a lighter aspect, fundus portion with few folds in the mucosa, and pyloric with deeper folds, also presenting gastroliths in fundus and pyloric portions. Both microscopy studies highlighted three glandular regions, composed by mucoid columnar epithelial cells, gastric crypts with different shapes and sizes depending on each portion, in which the different shapes of the mucosal folds in each region of the stomach were evident, and digitiform microsaliences were found in the cardiac region, and micro-orifices and desmosome in the fundus region. Also, fundus and pyloric portions produce more mucus than the cardiac. Then morphology found was consistent with the eating habits and management of distinct characteristics of the digestive tract.