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A wide variety of unique systems and components inhabits the HF, VHF, and UHF bands. Many communication systems (ionospheric, meteor-burst, and troposcatter) provide beyond-line-of-sight coverage and operate independently of external infrastructure. Broadcasting and over-the-horizon radar also operate in these bands. Magnetic-resonance imaging uses HF/VHF signals to see the interior of a human body, and RF heating is used in a variety of medical and industrial applications. Receivers typically employ a mix of analog and digital-signal-processing techniques. Systems for these frequencies make use of RF-power MOSFETs, p-i-n diodes, and ferrite-loaded transmission-line transformers.

We describe a method for removing ionospheric effects from single-frequency radio data a posteriori. This method is based on a theoretical climatological model developed by the USAF, which returns n e ( r, t) along the line of sight to the source. Together with a model of B ⊕ , ionospheric delay and Faraday rotation values ensue. If contemporaneous ionospheric data -GPS TEC observations or ionosonde profiles -exist, they can be incorporated to update the modeled n e .

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