During magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse-sequences the human body is exposed to switched magnetic gradient fields. These gradients become stronger and are switched faster for fast imaging. Effects resulting from these fields with trapezoidal waveforms are on the one hand sensory perception of induced currents and on the other hand muscular and cardiac stimulation. All three components of the current density induced by gradient pulse sequence were analysed in a high-resolution model of the human torso. The evaluation of the calculated data was performed thoroughly in the region of the heart muscle of the torso model to find out how different waveforms of the switched gradient field influence strength and direction of induced currents.

Price: Printed Copy A08, Microfiche AOl. fAsia * Ph.D. theiif g : "---'-'-r,ow ry r T(1iS ooeu^r ,V.UM P* Abstract Searches for the decay of Z bosons into pairs of new quarks and leptons in a data sample including 455 hadronic Z decays are presented. The Z bosons were produced in electon-positron annihilations at the SLA.C Linear Collider (SLC) operating in the centerof-mass energy range from 89.2 to 93.0 GeV, and the data collected using the Mark II detector. The Standard Model provides no prediction for fermion masses and does not exclude new generations of fennions. The existence and masses of these new particles may provide valuable information to help understand the pattern of fermion masses, the presence of generations, and physics beyond the Standard Model. Specific searches for top quarks and sequential fourth generation charge -1/3 (!/) quarks are made considering a variety of possible standard and non-standard decay modes. In ad dition, searches for sequential fourth generation massive neutrinos v,i (Dirac and Majorana)and their charged lepton partners L~ are pursued. The i/ 4 may be stable or decay through mixing to the lighter generations. The data sample Is examined for new particle topolo gies of events with high-momentum isolated tracks, high-energy isolated photons, spherical event shapes, and detached vertices. Measurements of the Z boson resonance parameters that provide crucial indicators of new particle production are also considered.No evidence is observed for the production of new quarks and leptons. 95% confidence lower mass limits of 40.7 GeV/c 2 for the top quark and 42.0 GeV/c 2 for the t'-quark mass are obtained regardless of the branching fractions to the considered decay modes. A significant range of mixing matrix elements of v.\ to other generation neutrinos for a v A mass from 1 GeV/c 2 to 43 GeV/c 2 is excluded at 95% confidence level. Measurements of the upper limit of the invisible width of the Z exclude additional values of the u 4 mass and mixing matrix elements, and also permit the exclusion of a region in the L~ mass versus v.\ mass plane.ii These results substantially extend previous limits, and exclude a large fraction of the *.mass range available for Z decays into top quarks and fourth generation quarks and leptons. #"This thesis analysis benefited greatly from illuminating and helpful discussions with several people. The enthusiasm and energy of Tim Barklow, the knowledge of Sachio Komamiya, and the wisdom of a close friend, Chang-Kee Jung have been a source of inspiration for me.I would like to thank the Mark II collaborators for their contributions during the some times frustrating operation of the Mark II detector at the SLC. I am just as grateful for the camaraderie and friendship of my colleagues. My office mates Carrie Fordham and graduate student (now post-doc) extraordinaire, Jordan Nash, provided many interesting conversations and company. , and others too numerous to name have all made for a great experience. I extend my thanks to Anna Pacheco for the countless...