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Fatigue during driving is the main contributing factor to road accidents. It is influenced by time on task (TOT) and time of day (TOD). Recent electroencephalogram (EEG) research on fatigue assessment has shown a promising result in explaining the fatigue phenomenon. However, different findings exist regarding the best EEG parameters related to fatigue. This study examined EEG changes according to the effect of TOT and TOD and determined the best parameters to distinguish fatigue status. To generate driver fatigue, prolonged driving in the morning and at night in a simulator was conducted. The EEG signal was collected from 28 male participants at frontal and occipital areas. The EEG power (brainwave) was determined from the first and last 5 minutes of the driving task and after a break of 30 minutes. The results of this study showed a general tendency of EEG power changing throughout the driving sessions. However, changes related to fatigue were only found for the night sessions, as confirmed by θ power and the subjective fatigue measurement result. This study showed that TOT (as a factor that induces fatigue) was explained by θ from the frontal area, whereas TOD was differentiated by α, θ, θ/β, (θ+α)/β and (θ+α)/(β+α).

As a developing country, Indonesia pursues advancement through rapid infrastructure expansion. However, in the transportation sector, safety is still a serious problem and requires attention. Road accidents in Indonesia with a high fatality mostly involve intercity buses. Most of the accidents are reportedly caused by human error, typically caused by a fatigued driver. To understand the factors that influence general fatigue (F), three variables-subjective workload (WL), need for recovery (NR), and emotional intelligence (EI)-are discussed by considering time on task and time of day as factors. To assess the perceptions of 298 intercity bus drivers, this research was conducted using a questionnaire. There are statistically significant differences in the NR (p = 0.001) and EI level (p = 0.001) among the time on task group (less than three hours, three to five hours, and longer than five hours) but not for the WL. Meanwhile, for the time of day group (driving in the morning, afternoon, and at night) there are no significant differences of WL (p = 0.161), NR (p = 0.795), and EI level (p = 0.271). A Tukey post hoc test revealed that the NR and is statistically significantly higher for a duration longer than three hours (p = 0.025 and p = 0.000). Binomial logistic regression was run to understand the influence of WL, NR, and EI on subjective fatigue level, categorized into fatigue (1) and alert (0). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the model fit the data well, p = 0.673. The variables NR (p = 0.08) and EI (p = 0.020) statistically significantly predict general fatigue subjectively. Based on these results, EI and NR are suggested as factors that should be analyzed further concerning the issue of fatigue-related accidents. Both factors should also be considered in company's fatigue management system.

Subjective fatigue measurement instruments, based questionnaire, is a measure that is widely used for reasons of practicality and measurement results can be obtained quickly. For the purposes of measuring fatigue, there are a number of questionnaires commonly used abroad, but not a lot of literature with a case study in Indonesia that utilize this instrument. Of course, the reason for the use of the instrument is based on the expectation that the instrument has high validity and reliability, and if possible to have a high level of practicality as well. Asssment Fatigue Scale (FAS) is one of the suggested use as a measurement of worker fatigue. The instrument consists of a 10 item questionnaire with good reliability level. The discussion in this paper covers Measurement Scale Fatigue testing results via questionnaires measuring fatigue, adapted from the FAS in English and translated into Indonesian. DSS consists of 10 questions using 5 Likert scale, for the answer options are: never (1), sometimes (2), perceived a regular basis (3), is common (4), is always experienced (5). Relaibilitas test results using Cronbach alpha values obtained value of 0812, and can be improved if the item is question number 3 is removed. By implication, this questionnaire is good enough to use as a measuring instrument fatigue, but the level of proficiency in Indonesian language, in this CMS, needs to be repaired, especially for question number 5 and 3 if the level of validity and reliability to be improved, although the increase may not be too significant.

Fatigue is a complex phenomenon, which may interfere productivity in many occupational settings. Nowadays, restaurant industry does not only offer good food, but also a pleasant experience and hospitality. To assess how restaurants employees in Indonesia perceived fatigue related to their job, assessment conducted using Swedish Occupational Fatigue Index (SOFI) in Indonesian language. The study involved 180 employees from 9 casual dining restaurants. Translated SOFI has good reliability and validity test result based on Cronbach Alpha value and internal consistency coefficient. Using F-test, the null hypothesis is rejected, and it can be concluded that the fatigue level of each dimension and employees from each restaurant is different. The greatest level of fatigue experienced by employees from restaurant ninth and employees from restaurant first is the lowest. Level of fatigue was acceptable (light to moderate), as indicated by the average value for most dimensions (less than 3.5 on scale of 1-7).