Diabetes mellitus in increasing at an alarming rate and has become a global challenge. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is agroup of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin actionor both. One of the most complications of diabetes is diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy refers to damage ofmotor nerves, sensory, and autonomic system. The aim of this study is to identify patients at risk for diabetic neuropathywith monofilament examination in internist polyclinic Arifin Achmad General Hospital from May to July 2017.Monofilament is an inexpensive, practical tool in everyday use and can be used in early detection of sensation loss inthe foot to prevent diabetic ulcer. This study is descriptive research with direct examination of patient diabetes type 2.There were 73 samples that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Profile patients with diabetes in the polyclinic are female morethan male is 60,3%. The age group 56-65 years is the most age group of DM patients in the polyclinic is 52.1%.Duration of diabetes is 5-10 years (52.1%). The results of monofilament examination in patients with type 2 DM arescore 0-3 as many as 19 people (26%), score of 3.5-5 as many as 27 people (37%), and score> 5,5 as many as 27 people(37%).

Stroke is the death of brain cells due to lack of blood flow and oxygen to the brain by blockage or rupture of an artery. Stress hyperglycemia in acute stroke may worsen the clinical outcome and the prognosis of stroke. The purpose of this study is to find out and compare blood glucose profile between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. This is an observational analytic cross-sectional research using consecutive sampling. Data was obtained through medical record from January to December 2018 in RSUP Fatmawati with each group of stroke consisting of 74 samples. Data was processed using SPSS 2017. Mann-Whitney test shows a significant difference in random blood glucose levels between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke (p = 0.024), with the median value of random blood glucose level during ischemic stroke is 115.50 mg / dL and hemorrhagic stroke is 136.50 mg / dL. The results also shows a significant difference in fasting blood glucose levels between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke (p = 0.042), with the median value of fasting blood glucose level for ischemic stroke is 116.50 mg / dL and hemorrhagic stroke is 125.50 mg / dL. A significant difference is also seen in 2 hours post-prandial glucose level between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke (p = 0.028), with the median value of 2 hours post-prandial glucose level of  ischemic stroke is 130 mg / dL and hemorrhagic stroke is 147.50 mg / dL. Keywords: Ischemic Stroke; Hemorrhagic Stroke; Random Blood Glucose; Fasting Blood Glucose; 2 Hour Post-Prandial Blood Glucose AbstrakStroke adalah kematian sel-sel otak akibat hilangnya pasokan darah dan oksigen ke otak karena adanya  hambatan atau ruptur arteri yang menuju otak. Pada stroke fase akut dapat terjadi hiperglikemia reaktif yang dapat memperburuk  keluaran klinis dan prognosis stroke. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan profil glukosa darah antara stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang dan pemilihan sampel consecutive sampling. Data didapat dari rekam medis periode Januari-Desember 2018 di RSUP Fatmawati dengan masing-masing kelompok stroke sebanyak 74 sampel. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan program SPSS tahun 2017. Uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu antara stroke iskemik dengan stroke hemoragik (p = 0,024), dengan nilai median Glukosa Darah Sewaktu stroke iskemik adalah 115,50 mg/dL dan stroke hemoragik adalah 136,50 mg/dL. Hasil juga menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa antara stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik (p = 0,042), dengan nilai median Glukosa Darah Puasa stroke iskemik adalah 116,50 mg/dL dan stroke hemoragik adalah 125,50 mg/dL, serta adanya perbedaan bermakna kadar Glukosa Darah 2 Jam Post-Prandial antara stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik (p = 0,028), dengan nilai median Glukosa Darah 2 Jam Post-Prandial stroke iskemik adalah 130 mg/dL dan stroke hemoragik adalah 147,50 mg/dL.

Low back pain (LBP) merupakan sebuah sindrom klinis ditandai dengan timbulnya gejala nyeri di sekitar punggung bawah yang tanpa atau dapat disertai penjalaran pada tungkai bawah. Posisi tidak ergonomis seperti membungkuk, memiringkan badan, dan posisi menggapai atau berlutut yang dapat menyebabkan beberapa dampak, salah satunya LBP. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis hubungan postur tubuh dan lama berdiri dengan kejadian LBP pada pekerja bidang produksi dan logistik di Cikarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian potong lintang karena membahas dua variabel (independen dan dependen) selanjutnya diobservasi atau diukur hanya sekali pada setiap variabel dalam waktu yang sama. Sampel penelitian berjenis kelamin lakilaki, berjumlah 62 responden, berusia 18-40 tahun dengan kata lain termasuk kriteria inklusi dan teknik pengambilan sampel berupa simple random sampling. Analisis postur tubuh menggunakan Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), untuk lokasi serta pengukuran intensitas nyeri LBP menggunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map (NBM) dan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), analisis bersifat kuantitatif karena didasarkan pada skala yang tersedia pada kategori setiap instrumen penelitian. Hasil uji Fisher hubungan postur tubuh dengan kejadian LBP diperoleh nilai signifikansi p=1,000 (p> 0,05) dan untuk lama berdiri dengan kejadian LBP didapatkan nilai signifikansi p=0,067 (p> 0,05). Kesimpulan hasil tersebut tidak terdapat hubungan antara postur tubuh dan lama berdiri dengan kejadian LBP pada pekerja. Hal ini dapat dipengaruhi usia pekerja yang dominan termasuk kategori usia produktif sehingga sifat fisiologis otot masih sangat menunjang produktivitas kerja. Selain itu disela-sela kegiatan, para pekerja dapat leluasa melakukan peregangan minimal pada tubuhnya sehingga kekakuan pada otot di sekitar punggung bawah dapat dihindari.

Pain affects millions of people and is one of the most frequent complaints in the medical office. Pain involves various behavioral and emotional aspects. When it is persistent, it can become debilitating, impairing occupational performance, and producing negative impacts for the economy and public health costs. In general, commercial drugs can improve chronic pain patients' quality of life which can result in adverse reactions. Therefore, the search for new capsules as an opportunity remedy for ache is a challenge. Pain occurs due to stimuli from pain receptors called nociceptors. One pain known in the medical world is orofacial, defined as pain that occurs in soft and hard tissue in the head, face, and neck area. This study determined the antinociceptive effect of flavonoids isolated from the Leea Indica plant, on orofacial pain in zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a test model for behavior or locomotor activity. To study the orofacial pain of zebrafish induced with glutamate, this study was a true experiment. The parameter used was the number of times the fish crossed the line between the caudran from the glass petri dish during 0-5 minutes and 15-30 minutes. The Anova one-way test showed that there were differences in locomotors activity measured from 0-5 minutes and 15-30 minutes by giving flavonoids that could affect zebrafish locomotors activity or an increase in zebrafish locomotors activity. The antinociceptive effect of flavonoids was similar to tramadol. The flavonoids from Leea Indica had an antinociceptive effect on orofacial pain in adult zebrafish. The flavonoid dose of 2.5 mg/ml was a dose that had a significant difference in all treatment groups.

Highlights: Characteristics of vascular dementia patients with a history of stroke was aimed. The most characteristics of vascular dementia patients with stroke history are men, post-ischemic stroke, hypertension grade 1,  and lesions in the basal ganglia. Abstract: Stroke patients increase each year. Stroke is a cerebrovascular disorder caused by disruption of cerebral blood flow, which could reason vascular lesions within the mind parenchyma to be a threat to significant   disorders. One of them is vascular dementia. Each affected person is prone to growing dementia after a stroke in three to five instances. Thisstudy aimed to decide the traits of patients with vascular dementia with a record of stroke. This study used a descriptive retrospective approach with a cross-sectional method. The samples were obtained from the total sampling technique. The sample of the study was vascular dementia patients with a stroke record at the National Brain Center Hospital Prof. Dr. dr. Mahar Mardjono Jakarta in the period of 2020 through the inclusion standards with 191 samples. This study found that the majority of patients were males as many as 129 (67.5%), age group of 55-64 were 67 patients (35.1%), post-ischemic strokes were 164 patients (85.9%), grade 1 hypertension as many as 70 patients (36.6%), and basal ganglia as many as 76 patients (29.23%). Characteristics of vascular dementia patients with the maximum stroke records in men, aged 55-64 years, post-ischemic stroke, grade 1 hypertension, and a majority of the lesions within the basal ganglia.