Food spoilage leading to food waste and substantial economic losses is a major issue for the food industry. The spoilage is often due to bacterial and fungal contamination in foods. Spores from microorganism pose a great concern since they can survive pasteurization and grow in specific foods. The obj1ectives of this work were to investigate the effect of temperature (T: 80-90°C), soluble solid concentration (11–20°Brix), and spore age (30–60 days) on the log reductions of Eupenicillium javanicum ascospores in pineapple juice. It was also carried out to estimate the first-order kinetic parameters (D and z-values) from the log survivor curves. Increasing the temperature from 80 to 90°C for 10 min increased the spore inactivation in 11°Brix pineapple juice by 6.4 log. For 5-log inactivation, increasing the percentage weight (% wt.) of sucrose from 11°Brix to 20°Brix at 90°C, increased the time needed to inactivate the spores by 2.6 min. Likewise, increasing the age of ascopores from 30 days to 60 days, also increased the time required by 16.7 min. The estimated D-values for 30-days old spores in 11°Brix juices were 19.84 min at 80°C, 4.99 min at 85°C and 1.45 min at 90°C, with z-values of 8.6-8.8°C. The results obtained provide useful data to design and predict pasteurization process targeting E. javanicum ascospores.

The school is a very important place of learning for every Indonesian citizen. Receiving education is the right of Indonesian citizens who have been guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution. Therefore, every Indonesian citizen has the right to get an easily accessible and quality education. To go to quality schools, each school must meet National Education Standards. Meeting the quality standards of schools needs to implement rules that are expected to increase the quality of each school. The rule then needs to be tested which sometimes the process is very long and prone to failure in the middle of the rule is applied. In this study, researchers created a school game storyboard that is expected to help the process of testing a rule so that it does not need to take a very long time. From the results of the storyboards that have been made it can be seen that building a quality school must be started and arranged from level 1.

Phytonematodes are an important plant pest in sugarcane. The presence of phytonematodes can cause root damage and eventually reduce plant productivity. This study aimed to identify and calculated the abundance of sugarcane phytonematodes species in the Subang Sugar Factory of PT PG Rajawali II, West Java. The symptoms of sugarcane plants infected by phytonematodes include stunting plants and slender stems, and necrotic roots with blackish purple spots that spread unevenly on young roots. The diagnostic samples, consisted of roots and soil, were taken from the second ratoon cane. The stages of the research included nematode extraction from soil sample by centrifugation flotation method and extraction nematode from the root using the mist chamber method, nematode staining inside root tissue, and nematode identification. The nematode species were identified based on the morphological characters. Eight phytonematodes species, namely Pratylenchus zeae, Xiphinema setariae, Hoplolaimus indicus, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Criconemoides morgenensis, Coslenchus paramaritus, Helicotylenchus sp., Coslenchus paramaritus and Tylenchus sp. were identified. Based on the highest absolute population in sugarcane roots was Pratylenchus zeae.

<p>Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) stated that the implementation of CFS program can increase the production significantly up to 30% (BMKG 2016). This research was conducted to know the influence of climate field school (CFS) and fertilizer dosage on soil chemical properties and corn yield. The study was conducted with a nested experimental design with two factors. Factor A has two levels: CFS Program (S1) and nonCFS (S2) and factor B was fertilizer dose. Factor B is nested on factor A as A (B). The fertilizer dose factor consists of 6 levels; T0 (without fertilizer); T1 (100% organic fertilizer); T2 (75% organic + 25% inorganic fertilizer); T3 (50% organic + 50% inorganic fertilizer), T4 (25% organic + 75% inorganic fertilizer), T5 (100% inorganic fertilizer). The results showed that CFS program increased available P, available K and soil pH, while fertilizer dose (50% organic fertilizer + 50% inorganic fertilizer) on CFS program yielded the highest soil organic matter (4.12%). CFS and fertilizer dose both did not affect the yield of maize significantly. However, the average yield of maize on CFS land is greater (6.50 tonha^-1) compared to nonCFS (5.38 tonha^-1). The treatment with 100% inorganic fertilizers) on CFS program gives highest yield (8.75 tonha^-1).</p>