A novel biocomposite with poly(methyl methacrylate) as resin containing Salvadora persica powders was elaborated. In this study, for the first time, S. persica was used to enhance the bioactive performance of dental restoration materials. Material characterization was carried out both on bare materials and on the elaborated biocomposite (30 wt% of S. persica). X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques were conducted to perform material characterization. The obtained results linked to dental material showed the presence of the organic chemical compounds of S. persica, which are responsible for biological activities, and the presence of mineral chemical compounds of S. persica, which are useful for dental applications and health. They also revealed the absence of toxic residual monomers. In addition, they proved the antioxidant activities proof of elaborated composite related to total polyphenol flavonoid content. Finally, they exhibited the antibacterial activity of S. persica and the composite.

The current study examines the tribological performance of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) reinforced with Salvadora persica ( S. persica) powder and hydroxyapatite (HAP). This composite was selected to be used in dental application. Different percentages of S. persica were employed to enhance bioactivity and antibacterial properties. However, HAP was used to improve the wear performance of the composite. Friction response was investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Vickers hardness, pin-on-disc tribometer, and 2-D profilometer. Both wear volume and friction coefficient were investigated, especially when changing the percentage of S. persica and HAP fillers. Moreover, the morphologies of the wear track were examined by the SEM, the wear mechanisms are discussed, and the phenomenon of stick-slip is shown. The main results revealed that the composition (70% PMMA + 20% S. persica + 10% HAP) has the best wear resistance.