This study was aimed at identifying a quantitatively accurate reaction model of the bromate-sulfilte-ferrocyanide (BSF) pH oscillator by using the simulation-based model estimation algorithm known as the particle filter. The Rbai-Kaminaga-Hanazaki (RKH) model proposed for the BSF system was extended by adding the protonation equilibrium of SO42-, for which the particle filter analysis was carried out to optimize the rate constants involved with reference to the measured pH oscillation data. The extended RKH model with the optimized rate constants almost completely reproduced the measured pH oscillations and the state diagram, showing the validity of the present analysis. Chemical oscillators such as the BSF system show drastic switching of the dominant reaction path, which strongly disturbs the convergence of the rate constants if the objective function is defined in a conventional manner to reflect only a single time step datum. In this study, the objective function was defined as the residual sum of squares with respect to pH taken over an interval longer than one oscillatory period, so that all of the relevant reaction steps can contribute to the objective function. This is the first report which exemplifies the effectiveness of the particle filter in the analysis of real complex chemical systems.

The estimation of fine inclusion particles is required in order to clarify its effect on the miniaturization of steel grain. In this study, the stability of ZrO2, Ti2O3, TiAl2O5, Ce2O3, and CeS particles during extraction was examined using acid, halogen-methanol, and nonaqueous electrolytes. ZrO2, Ti2O3, and TiAl2O5 particles hardly dissolved in 4%MS (4 v/v% methylsalicylate-1 w/v% tetramethylammonium chloride-methanol) and 10%AA (10 v/v% acetylacetones-1 w/v% tetramethylammonium chloride-methanol) electrolytes, while Ce2O3 and CeS particles did not dissolve in a 2%TEA-Ba (2 v/v% triethanolamine-1 w/v% tetramethylammonium chloride-methanol containing 0.16-0.24 w/v% Ba) electrolyte during potentiostatic extraction. The O content of the extracted ZrO2, Ti2O3, and Ce2O3 inclusion particles agreed approximately with the difference between analyzed total O content and calculated equilibrium O content of the metal, and the S content of the extracted CeS inclusion particles agreed with the analyzed total S content of the metal. The Ce content of the extracted inclusion particles was in agreement with that calculated using the results of two-dimensional measurements.