A carbon-nanotube enabled electrochemical filter was developed to separate and recover metals from mixed metal waste streams.

Ionic liquids promise far greater electrochemical performance compared to aqueous systems, yet key physicochemical properties governing their assembly at interfaces within commonly used graphitic nanopores remain poorly understood. In this work, we combine synchrotron X-ray scattering with first-principles molecular dynamics simulations to unravel key structural characteristics of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([TFSI] -) ionic liquids confined in carbon slit pores. X-ray scattering reveals selective pore filling due to size exclusion, while filled pores exhibit disruption in IL intermolecular structure, the extent of which increases for narrower slit pores. First-principles simulations corroborate this finding and quantitatively describe how perturbations in the local IL structure, particularly the hydrogenbond network, depend strongly on the degree of confinement. Despite significant deviations in structure under confinement, electrochemical stability remains intact, which is important for energy storage based on nanoporous carbon electrodes (e.g., supercapacitors).