This paper studies the effect of exchange rate pass-through on inflation in Tunisia for the period 2001 to 2009. The objective is to track inflation regimes for the Tunisian economy and to forecast its determinants. Using a Markov-switching approach, the authors identified two main regimes for inflation in Tunisia during this period: a low and stable inflation regime associated with a low pass-through level and a high inflation regime associated with a high pass-through level. To highlight the mechanisms underlying shifts in inflation regimes, the authors used a time-varying probabilities approach and identified a set of variables to assess their effects on inflation in Tunisia. The results show that the price level decreases in response to an increase in interest rates. Along with this, the empirical results provide strong evidence that the industrial production index has a negative and significant effect, as it increases the probability to stay in an inflationary regime and remain at a high pass-through level. The results also show robust support for the hypothesis that the imports increase the probability to stay in a high-inflation regime and maintain a high pass-through level. However, exports increase the probability of staying in a low-inflation regime and maintaining a low pass-through level. JEL G15 F3 F4

The aim of this article is to study the dynamics of four international stock indexes, by developing a model that introduces asymmetry and nonlinearity on the conditional variance. The Smooth Transition Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (STGARCH) model is considered, where the possibility of intermediate regimes is modelled with the introduction of a smooth transition mechanism in a Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH) specification. The transition function is either logistic (the Logistic Smooth Transition GARCH (LSTGARCH) model) or exponential (the Exponential Smooth Transition GARCH (EST-GARCH) model). It is found that, on one side, an important characteristic of the LSTGARCH model is that it highlights the asymmetric effect of unanticipated shocks on the conditional volatility. On the other side, the ESTGARCH model allows the dynamics of the conditional variance to be independent of the sign of past news. Indeed, this model allows to highlight the size effect of the shocks, so that small and big shocks have separate effects. I find that this model performs better than the symmetric GARCH model by allowing for asymmetry and regime changes on the conditional volatility and for gradual change on the transition parameter.

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