A chronic pathological condition; diabetes mellitus occurs in almost 90% of all diabetic cases globally. It is estimated that the number of diabetes patients will rise from 382 million in 2013 to 592 million by 2035 as per the data published by the Current International Diabetes Federation. Daily life style and day to day unhealthy food habits, diabetes is prevalent among the young people too along with the aged people due to their ageing. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder where there is insufficiency of insulin having the symptoms excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, weight loss, results in blood sugar level to be drastically high. One may observe a drastic increase in blood glucose level which lead to various types of health complications like retinopathy, nerve damage etc. Various treatment strategies are available among these the modern treatment strategy includes sulfonylureas, GLP-1 agonist, DPP4- inhibitors, metformin, PPAR-γ agonists, bariatric surgery etc. In this review, we will highlight various potential therapeutic targets including TRPV1, PPAR, and SGLT-2 to mitigate diabetes mellitus.

Croton joufra, a traditional medicinal plant in the north-eastern region of India, continues to be an active member of folk medicine in the treatment of various diseases and ailments, mainly used to treat helminthic intestinal infections. This review paper aims to highlight some of the medicinal values and extraction techniques used to obtain the extract. Studies have shown that qualitative screening tests of extracts from different parts of the plant have detected terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and reducing sugars. Among the extraction solvents used, chloroform extraction of Croton joufra leaves is considered the most effective extraction. These results indicate that Croton joufra may have various unexplored medicinal values in addition to its existing uses. In addition to medicinal uses, this plant is also popular among locals for secondary purposes. Since this plant is abundant in the north-eastern region of India in association with other useful plants, it is an incentive for researchers to explore it further. Future investigation may unearth more medicinal uses of this plant, which will be announced in the future.

Amoebiasis is an infectious disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica), the common symptoms are cramping, abdominal pain, watery or bloody diarrhea, and weight loss. Sometimes patients suffer amoebiasis as an asymptomatic behavior. In 1859 scientist W.D. Lambl first described the amoebiasis vector E. histolytica. In developing countries, millions of people die due to amoebiasis. A doctor diagnosed the disease detection of E. histolytic antigen in stool or antibodies against the parasite in serum. Metronidazole, tinidazole, lodoquinol, diloxanide furoate are given for amoebiasis patients. In this review, we have summarized the statistics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategy of amoebiasis disease. It also gives information about the life cycle of E. histolytica.